ASIMETRIČNO PROCESIRANJE PREDOČIVOSTI U MENTALNOM LEKSIKONU HRVATSKIH AFAZIČARA I ZDRAVIH GOVORNIKA

Anita Peti-Stantić; Vlasta Erdeljac; Jana Willer-Gold; Martina Sekulić

Anita Peti-Stantić University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Vlasta Erdeljac University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Jana Willer-Gold University College London, United Kingdom
Martina Sekulić University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Аннотация

U literaturi se smatra kako asimetrija u procesiranju visokopredočivih i niskopredočivih leksičkih jedinica proizlazi iz organizacije mentalnoga leksikona te je povezana s organizacijom pojmovnoga sustava. Neovisno o tipu reprezentacije (verbalnom ili neverbalnom), dvostruki reprezentacijski put konkretnih imenica u mentalnom leksikonu u opreci je prema jednostrukom putu verbalne reprezentacije apstraktnih imenica. Stoga se u literaturi smatra kako navedena dvostrukost olakšava i ubrzava procesiranje konkretnih riječi, dok postojanje samo jednog puta usporava usporava i otežava procesiranje apstraktnih riječi. Cilj je ove rasprave istražiti postoji li statistički značajna razlika u semantičkom procesiranju visokopredočivih i niskopredočivih riječi u pacijenata s afazijom u usporedbi sa zdravim ispitanicima kojima su stimulusi prikazani u vizualnom i u auditivnom modalitetu. Istraživanje je provedeno na temelju testova specifično projektiranih za ispitivanje procesiranja leksičkoga obilježja predočivosti. Riječ je o testovima iz baterije PALPA prilagođenima za hrvatski jezik (testovi procjene sinonima u auditivnom i u pisanom modalitetu te test semantičkih asocijacija riječi). Kako bi se smanjio efekt perceptivnog oštećenja, provedena su i dva dodatna istraživanja za ispitivanje razumijevanja, i to test spajanja riječi i slike, ponovo i u govorenom i u pisanom modalitetu. U istraživanje je uključeno 60 govornika hrvatskoga jezika, 30 osoba s afazijom i isto toliko zdravih ispitanika. Tijekom istraživanja se pokazala statistički značajna razlika između eksperimentalne i kontrolne skupine. Rezultati osoba s afazijom u ispitivanju niskopredočivih riječi bili su znatno niži od rezultata kontrolne skupine. Razlike u raspoznavanju semantičkih odnosa između niskopredočivih riječi osoba s afazijom potvrđuju postojanje razlike u organizaciji puteva procesiranja niskopredočivih i visokopredočivih riječi. Dodatno se pokazalo kako osobe s afazijom, posebno Brokinom, imaju poteškoća s procesiranjem složenih psiholingvističkih zadataka i zadataka složene gramatičke i semantičke strukture.

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