Мacedonian Translation Equivalents of the English GET-passive
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Published:
Dec 13, 2023
Keywords:
voice, contrastive analysis, periphrastic passive, reflexive, middle
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Abstract
This paper deals with the English get-passive construction and its possible translation equivalents in Macedonian. The aim of the research is to investigate which constructions in Macedonian can be used as functional equivalents to the English get-passive.This research is based on a database of 180 parallel examples created by the authors, searching translations in both directions, English-Macedonian and Macedonian-English. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the collected data was conducted with an aim to establish a correlation between the English get-passive and its Macedonian equivalents. By determining the similarities and differences between the English get-passive and the Macedonian passive constructions (the periphrastic and the reflexive passive) we assumed that there is no full correspondence, thus a wider variety of structures were expected in the Macedonian counterpart examples. Consequently the distribution of the equivalent Macedonian structures will hopefully give some insight both into the nature of the English get-passive and the scarcely studied Macedonian passive constructions as well as relevant guidelines for translators and teachers.
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How to Cite
Mitkovska, Liljana, and Ana Arsovska. 2023. “Мacedonian Translation Equivalents of the English GET-Passive”. Journal of Contemporary Philology 6 (2), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.37834/JCP2362007m.
Section
Linguistics
Copyright © 2014 Blaže Koneski Faculty of Philology, Skopje
Journal of Contemporary Philology (JCP)
Современа филологија
References
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Anderwald, L. (2017). GET, GET-constructions and the GET-passive in 19th-century English: Corpus analysis and prescriptive comments. In S. Hoffmann, A. Sand, and S. Arndt-Lappe (eds). Studies in Variation, Contacts and Change in English, Vol. 18. Helsinki: Varieng. [Online] Available from: https://varieng.helsinki.fi/series/volumes/18/anderwald/ [Accessed: March 30th, 2023]
Biber, D., Johnson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., and Finegan, E. (1999). Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Pearson.
Carter, R. and McCarthy, M. (1999). The English get-passive in spoken discourse: Description and implications for an interpersonal grammar. English Language and Linguistics, 3 (1): 41–58. DOI: 10.1017/S136067439900012X
Chappell, H. (1980). Is the get-passive adversative? Papers in Linguistics: International Journal of Human Communication, 13 (3): 411–451. DOI: 10.1080/08351818009370504
Collins, P. C. (1996). Get-passives in English. World Englishes, 15: 43–56. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-971X.1996.tb00091.x
Downing, A. (1996). The semantics of get-passives. In R. Hasan, C. Cloran, and D. Butt (eds). Functional descriptions. Theory in practice, 179–205. Amsterdam: Benjamins. doi.org/10.1075/cilt.121.07dow
Fleisher, N. (2006). The origin of passive get. English Language and Linguistics, 10: 225–252. doi.org/10.1017/S1360674306001912
Fried, M. (2006). Demoting the agent: Passive, middle and other voice phenomena. In B. Lyngfelt and T. Solstad (eds.). Agent-backgrounding as a functional domain: Reflexivization and passivization in Czech and Russian, 83−110. Amsterdam: Benjamins. doi.org/10.1075/la.96
Haspelmath, M. (1990). The grammaticization of passive morphology. Studies in Language, 14: 25–72.
Hatcher, A. G. (1949). To get/be invited. Modern Language Notes, 64: 433–446.
Huddleston, R. (1984). Introduction to the grammar of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Huddleston, R. and Pullum, G. K. (2002). The Cambridge grammar of the English language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hundt, M. (2001). What corpora can tell us about the grammaticalisation of voice in get-constructions. Studies in Language, 25 (1): 49–88. doi.org/10.1075/sl.25.1.03hun
Kazenin, K. (2001). The passive voice. In M. Haspelmath, E. König, W. Österreicher and W. Raible (eds.) Language typology and language universals. An International Handbook, 899–916. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Kim, J. B. (2012). English Get-Passive Constructions: A Corpus-Based Approach. Studies in Generative Grammar, 22 (2): 437–457. DOI: 10.15860/SIGG.22.2.201205.437
Kulikov, L. (2011). Voice typology. In J.J. Song (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Typology, 368–398. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199281251.013.0019
Lakoff, R. (1971). Passive resistance. Papers from the Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, 7: 149–162.
Leech, G., Hundt, M., Mair, C. and Smith, N. (2009). Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Siewierska, A. (1984). The Passive: A Comparative Linguistic Analysis. London: Croom Helm.
Mitkovska, L. (1998). The se-Passive in Macedonian Compared to the Neighbouring Slavic Languages. Studia Linguistica Polono-Meridianoslavica, 9: 47–60.
Mitkovska, L. and Bužarovska, E. (2011). An Alternative Analysis of the English Get-Past Participle Constructions: Is Get All That Passive? Journal of English Linguistics, 20 (10): 1-20. doi.org/10.1177/0075424211418978
Sussex, R. and Cubberley, P. (2006). The Slavic Languags. Cambridge University Press.
Schwarz, S. (2018). Passive voices: BE-, GET- and prepositional passives in recent American English. PhD Dissertation. Uppsala University.
Taranto, G. (2005). An event structure analysis of the causative and passive get. Ms,. University of California, San Diego.
Vanrespaille, M. (1991). A semantic analysis of the English get-passive. Interface, 5: 95–112.
Бужаровска, Е. (2020). Информациската структура и синтаксата на простата реченица во македонскиот јазик. Современа филологија, 4 (1): 7–19. [Bužarovska, E. (2020). Informaciskata struktura i sintaksata na prostata rečenica vo makedonskiot jazik. Journal of Contemporary Philology, 4 (1): 7–19.] doi.org/10.37834/JCP21410041b
Велковска, С. (1998). Изразување на резултативност во македонскиот стандарден јазик. Скопје: ИМЈ. [Velkovska, S. (1998). Izrazuvanje na rezultativnost vo makedonskiot standarden jazik. Skopje: IMJ.]
Конески, Б. (1981). Граматика на македонскиот литературен јазик. Култура: Скопје. [Koneski, B. (1981). Gramatika na makedonskiot literaturen jazik. Skopje: Kultura.]
Конески, Б. (1986). Историја на македонскиот јазик. Култура: Скопје. [Koneski, B. (1986). Istorija na makedonskiot jazik. Skopje: Kultura.]
Минова-Ѓуркова, Л. (1994). Синтакса на македонскиот стандарден јазик. Скопје: Магор. [Minova-Gjurkova, L. (1994). Sintaksa na makedonskiot standarden jazik. Skopje: Magor.]
Митковска, Л. (2011). Македонските се-конструкции и нивните еквиваленти во англискиот јазик. Скопје: Македонска реч. [Mitkovska, L. (2011). Makedonskite se-konstrukcii i nivnite ekvivalenti vo angliskiot jazik. Skopje: Makedonska reč.]
Тополињска, З. (2008). Полски-македонски граматичка конфронтација: развиток на граматичките категории. Скопје: МАНУ. [Topolinjska, Z. (2008). Polsko-makedonski. gramatička konfrontacija: razvitok na gramatičkite kategorii. Skopje: MANU.]
Sources of examples:
ParaSol English-Macedonian parallel texts. http://parasolcorpus.org/
von Waldenfels, Ruprecht and Meyer, Roland (2006-) ParaSol, a Corpus of Slavic and Other Languages. Bern, Regensburg. [Accessed 25.05.2021]
MaCoCu_en_mk Macedonian-English parallel corpus.
Bañón, Marta; et al., 2022, Macedonian-English parallel corpus MaCoCu-mk-en 1.0, Slovenian language resource repository CLARIN.SI, ISSN 2820-4042, http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1513 . [Accessed 19.02.2023]
Старова, Л. (1992). Татковите книги. Битола: Микена. / Starova, L. (2012). My Father’s Books, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press. Translated from Macedonian by Christina E. Kramer.
Алабаков, К. Mojoт партизански живот /Alabakov, K. My Partisan Life http://www.pollitecon.com/html/ebooks/Index.htm. Translator not indicated.
Gaughran, R. “The Tour Guide”/ Гофрeн, Р. “Туристички водич”, Blesok, no. 12. https://blesok.mk/en/literature/the-tour-guide-12/ Translated from English by Lenče Miloševska. [Accessed 20.02.2020]
Anderwald, L. (2017). GET, GET-constructions and the GET-passive in 19th-century English: Corpus analysis and prescriptive comments. In S. Hoffmann, A. Sand, and S. Arndt-Lappe (eds). Studies in Variation, Contacts and Change in English, Vol. 18. Helsinki: Varieng. [Online] Available from: https://varieng.helsinki.fi/series/volumes/18/anderwald/ [Accessed: March 30th, 2023]
Biber, D., Johnson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., and Finegan, E. (1999). Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Pearson.
Carter, R. and McCarthy, M. (1999). The English get-passive in spoken discourse: Description and implications for an interpersonal grammar. English Language and Linguistics, 3 (1): 41–58. DOI: 10.1017/S136067439900012X
Chappell, H. (1980). Is the get-passive adversative? Papers in Linguistics: International Journal of Human Communication, 13 (3): 411–451. DOI: 10.1080/08351818009370504
Collins, P. C. (1996). Get-passives in English. World Englishes, 15: 43–56. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-971X.1996.tb00091.x
Downing, A. (1996). The semantics of get-passives. In R. Hasan, C. Cloran, and D. Butt (eds). Functional descriptions. Theory in practice, 179–205. Amsterdam: Benjamins. doi.org/10.1075/cilt.121.07dow
Fleisher, N. (2006). The origin of passive get. English Language and Linguistics, 10: 225–252. doi.org/10.1017/S1360674306001912
Fried, M. (2006). Demoting the agent: Passive, middle and other voice phenomena. In B. Lyngfelt and T. Solstad (eds.). Agent-backgrounding as a functional domain: Reflexivization and passivization in Czech and Russian, 83−110. Amsterdam: Benjamins. doi.org/10.1075/la.96
Haspelmath, M. (1990). The grammaticization of passive morphology. Studies in Language, 14: 25–72.
Hatcher, A. G. (1949). To get/be invited. Modern Language Notes, 64: 433–446.
Huddleston, R. (1984). Introduction to the grammar of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Huddleston, R. and Pullum, G. K. (2002). The Cambridge grammar of the English language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hundt, M. (2001). What corpora can tell us about the grammaticalisation of voice in get-constructions. Studies in Language, 25 (1): 49–88. doi.org/10.1075/sl.25.1.03hun
Kazenin, K. (2001). The passive voice. In M. Haspelmath, E. König, W. Österreicher and W. Raible (eds.) Language typology and language universals. An International Handbook, 899–916. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Kim, J. B. (2012). English Get-Passive Constructions: A Corpus-Based Approach. Studies in Generative Grammar, 22 (2): 437–457. DOI: 10.15860/SIGG.22.2.201205.437
Kulikov, L. (2011). Voice typology. In J.J. Song (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Typology, 368–398. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199281251.013.0019
Lakoff, R. (1971). Passive resistance. Papers from the Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, 7: 149–162.
Leech, G., Hundt, M., Mair, C. and Smith, N. (2009). Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Siewierska, A. (1984). The Passive: A Comparative Linguistic Analysis. London: Croom Helm.
Mitkovska, L. (1998). The se-Passive in Macedonian Compared to the Neighbouring Slavic Languages. Studia Linguistica Polono-Meridianoslavica, 9: 47–60.
Mitkovska, L. and Bužarovska, E. (2011). An Alternative Analysis of the English Get-Past Participle Constructions: Is Get All That Passive? Journal of English Linguistics, 20 (10): 1-20. doi.org/10.1177/0075424211418978
Sussex, R. and Cubberley, P. (2006). The Slavic Languags. Cambridge University Press.
Schwarz, S. (2018). Passive voices: BE-, GET- and prepositional passives in recent American English. PhD Dissertation. Uppsala University.
Taranto, G. (2005). An event structure analysis of the causative and passive get. Ms,. University of California, San Diego.
Vanrespaille, M. (1991). A semantic analysis of the English get-passive. Interface, 5: 95–112.
Бужаровска, Е. (2020). Информациската структура и синтаксата на простата реченица во македонскиот јазик. Современа филологија, 4 (1): 7–19. [Bužarovska, E. (2020). Informaciskata struktura i sintaksata na prostata rečenica vo makedonskiot jazik. Journal of Contemporary Philology, 4 (1): 7–19.] doi.org/10.37834/JCP21410041b
Велковска, С. (1998). Изразување на резултативност во македонскиот стандарден јазик. Скопје: ИМЈ. [Velkovska, S. (1998). Izrazuvanje na rezultativnost vo makedonskiot standarden jazik. Skopje: IMJ.]
Конески, Б. (1981). Граматика на македонскиот литературен јазик. Култура: Скопје. [Koneski, B. (1981). Gramatika na makedonskiot literaturen jazik. Skopje: Kultura.]
Конески, Б. (1986). Историја на македонскиот јазик. Култура: Скопје. [Koneski, B. (1986). Istorija na makedonskiot jazik. Skopje: Kultura.]
Минова-Ѓуркова, Л. (1994). Синтакса на македонскиот стандарден јазик. Скопје: Магор. [Minova-Gjurkova, L. (1994). Sintaksa na makedonskiot standarden jazik. Skopje: Magor.]
Митковска, Л. (2011). Македонските се-конструкции и нивните еквиваленти во англискиот јазик. Скопје: Македонска реч. [Mitkovska, L. (2011). Makedonskite se-konstrukcii i nivnite ekvivalenti vo angliskiot jazik. Skopje: Makedonska reč.]
Тополињска, З. (2008). Полски-македонски граматичка конфронтација: развиток на граматичките категории. Скопје: МАНУ. [Topolinjska, Z. (2008). Polsko-makedonski. gramatička konfrontacija: razvitok na gramatičkite kategorii. Skopje: MANU.]
Sources of examples:
ParaSol English-Macedonian parallel texts. http://parasolcorpus.org/
von Waldenfels, Ruprecht and Meyer, Roland (2006-) ParaSol, a Corpus of Slavic and Other Languages. Bern, Regensburg. [Accessed 25.05.2021]
MaCoCu_en_mk Macedonian-English parallel corpus.
Bañón, Marta; et al., 2022, Macedonian-English parallel corpus MaCoCu-mk-en 1.0, Slovenian language resource repository CLARIN.SI, ISSN 2820-4042, http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1513 . [Accessed 19.02.2023]
Старова, Л. (1992). Татковите книги. Битола: Микена. / Starova, L. (2012). My Father’s Books, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press. Translated from Macedonian by Christina E. Kramer.
Алабаков, К. Mojoт партизански живот /Alabakov, K. My Partisan Life http://www.pollitecon.com/html/ebooks/Index.htm. Translator not indicated.
Gaughran, R. “The Tour Guide”/ Гофрeн, Р. “Туристички водич”, Blesok, no. 12. https://blesok.mk/en/literature/the-tour-guide-12/ Translated from English by Lenče Miloševska. [Accessed 20.02.2020]