The MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND GENETIC VARIABILITY IN BREAD, DURUM AND DICOCCUM WHEAT GENOTYPES BASED ON MICROSATELLITE MARKERS
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Tetraploid wheat species Triticum durum Desf. and Triticum dicoccum Schrank ex Schubler could be unique sources of favorable genes for economically important characteristics like resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as quality characteristics. Molecular characterization and determination of genetic relationship among varieties and hybrid lines of bread, durum and emmer wheat is fundamental for selection of genotypes with desirable traits resilient under climatic fluctuations and development of successful crop improvement programmes. In this study, ten simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to characterize 50 bread, durum, dicoccum wheat genotypes from North Macedonia. In total, 48 alleles were detected with an average of 4.8 alleles per locus. The highest number of alleles per locus was detected in genome D with 5.5, compared to 4.75 and 4.5 for genomes B and A, respectively. The mean PIC values for all 10 microsatellite markers was 0.66 with values ranging from 0.59 for marker Wmc264 to 0.85 for marker Wmc89 that are important for breeding programs. The average genetic diversity based on SSR markers was 0.51 with a range of 0.20 - 0.72. A dendrogram was constructed to determine the genetic relationship and cluster analyses separated tetraploid wheat from hexaploid wheat genotypes. The data could serve as a basis for wheat taxonomy,wheat improvement programmes and further association mapping for important agronomic traits.
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