MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF BUCKWHEAT PRODUCTS AND HONEY IN COMPLIANCE WITH FOOD SAFETY REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
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Dec 22, 2022
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Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a gluten-free pseudo-cereal and honey plant. Buckwheat grain yields vary greatly and depend on the genotype, agro-ecological conditions of production and harvesting method. The grain yield of the 'Novosadska' variety variеs 1.5-3 t ha-1and the honey yield amounts and more than 300 kg ha-1. Buckwheat grain contains: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, organic acids and rutin (quercetin-3-rutinosid), minerals (potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iodine, zinc, bromine and iron), vitamins (D2-ergokalciferol, D3-holekalciferol, P-bioflavonoids, vitamins group B: B1-Thiamine, B2-Riboflavin, B3-niacin, B4-Choline, B5-Pantothenic acid, B6-Piridoxin, B9-Folate; and vitamin E-Tocopherols. 'Novosadska' buckwheat contains the highest level of phenolic acids, proanthocyanidins, flavones and flavonols. Buckwheat honey is dark color, which it gets from polyphenols. Polyphenols is antioxidants, organic compounds which affect the quality of food, especially the color and taste. In accordance with the law on food safety, the interests of consumers must be ensured the highest level of protection. Phenolic antioxidants from honey are bioavailable and increase the antioxidant activity of plasma. Buckwheat honey has a beneficial effect on bronchitis and cough, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, of heart disease, liver and intestinal diseases and has antibacterial effects.
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AL-Waili. N., Al Ghamdi. A., Ansari. M.J., Al-Attal. Y., Al-Mubarak. A., & Salom. K. (2013). Differences in Composition of Honey Samples and Their Impact on the Antimicrobial Activities against Drug Multiresistant Bacteria and Pathogenic Fungi. Arch Med Res. 44(4), 307–16.
Glamočlija, Đ. Mladenović-Glamočlija. M., & Cvijanović. G. (2011). Buckwheat, monograph. Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade. pp. 1-150.
Glamočlija, Đ., Janković, S., Popović, V., Filipović, F., Ugrenović, V., & Kuzevski J. (2015): Alternative crop plants in the conventional organic farming system, Monograph. Belgrade. pp. 1-355.
Ikanović, J., Popović, V., Janković, S., Glamočlija, Đ., & Kuzevski, J. (2012). Agro -ecological conditions and morpho-productive properties of buckwheat. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 29 (3), 555-562.
Joshi, D.C., Chaudhari, G.V., Sood, S., Kant, L., Pattanayak, A., & Zhang, K. (2019). Revisiting the versatile buckwheat: Reinvigorating genetic gains through integrated breeding and genomics approach. Planta, 250(3), 783-801, 10.1007/s00425-018-03080-4
Kolarić, Lj., Popović, V., Živanović, Lj., Ljubičićj N., Stevanovićj P., Šarčević Todosijević, Lj., Simić, D., & Ikanović, J. (2021). Buckwheat yield traits response as influenced by row spacing, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium management. Agronomy, https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122371, 11(12), 2371.
Kreft, I., & Skrabanja, V. (2002). Nutritional properties of starch in buckwheat noodles. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 48, 47-50.
Henriques, A.F., Jenkins, R.E., Burton, N.F. and Cooper, R.A. (2011). The effect of manuka honey on the structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 30(2), 167–71.
Huda, N., Lu, S., Jahan, T., Ding, M., Jha, R., Zhang, K., Zhang, W., Georgiev, M.I., Park, S.U., & Zhou, M. (2021). Treasure from garden: Bioactive compounds of buckwheat. Food Chem. 335: 127653.
Noreen, S., Rizwan, B., Khan, M., & Farooq, S. (2021). Health Benefits of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), Potential Remedy for Diseases, Rate to Cancer: A Mini Review. Infect Disord Drug Targets, 21(6): e170721189478. DOI: 10.2174/1871526520999201224122605.
Nouri, Z., Fakhri, S., Nouri, K., Wallace, C.E, Farzaei, M.H., and Bishayee, A. (2020). Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cancer: The Rutin Therapeutic Approach. Cancers. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12082276, 12(8): 2276.
Popović, V., Sikora, V., Berenji, J., Glamočlija, Đ., & Đekić, V. (2013a). The influence of ecological factors on the productivity of buckwheat seeds in the conventional and organic farming system. Journal of Institute of PKB Agroekonomik, Belgrade, 19(1-2): 155-165.
Popović, V., Sikora, V., Ikanović, J., Rajičić, V., Maksimović, L., Mickovski-Stefanović, V., & Katanski, S. (2013b). Production, productivity and quality of buckwheat in organic growing systems in course environmental protection, 17th Int. Eco-Conference®, 10th Eco-Conference on Environ. prot. of urban and suburban settlement, 25–28.9.13. Novi Sad, pp. 395-404.
Popović, V., Glamočlija, Đ., Maksimović, L., Ikanović, J., Živanović, Lj., Đekić, V., Ugrenović, V., Filipović, V., Simić, D., & Sikora, V. (2014a). Production of buckwheat in the Institute of Field and vegetable crops aimed at improving the quality of agricultural land. ECOIDS. 1st International Conference Ecological Improvement of Devastated Sites for Sustainable Development. Faculty of Applied Ecology Futura, Singidunum University, Belgrade, pp. 104-110.
Popović, V., Sikora, V., Berenji, J., Filipović, V., Dolijanović, Ž., Ikanović, J., & Dončić, D. (2014b): Analysis of buckwheat production in the world and Serbia. Economics of Аgriculture, Belgrade, EP, 61(1), 53-62.
Popović, V., Sikora, V., Ugrenović, V., & Filipović, V. (2017): Status of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) production in the worldwide and in the Republic of Serbia. Chapter 9. In. Rural Communities in the Global Economy. Beyond The Classical Rural Economy Paradigms, Ed.: Istudor Nicolae, Ignacio de Los Rios, Vasile A. J.. Nova Science Publishers, USA, pp.179-199. PP.1-325.
Popović, V., Kolarić, Lj., Žarković, B., Živanović, Lj., Šarčević Todosijević, Lj., Golijan, J., & Ikanović, J. (2019): Improvement of buckwheat production- Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Symposium on Genetics and Plant Breeding in Cereals: 13-15.11.2019, Novi Sad, Book of Abstracts available at www.ifvcns.rs/abstracts-borojevic, pp. 14-15.
Popović, V., Jovović, Z., Vučković, S., Ignjatov, M., Živanović, Lj., Kolarić, Lj., & Ikanović, J. (2021): Significance and application of the gluten pseudo-cereals Buckwheat - Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. X Symposium with international participation in innovation in the field and vegetable production, 21-22.10.2021, Faculty of Agriculture, Zemun-Belgrade, pp.64-65.
Park, C.H., Kim, Y.B., Choi, Y.S., Heo, K., Kim, S.L., Lee, K.C., Chang, K.J., & Lee, H.B. (2000). Rutin content in food products processed from groats, leaves and flowers of buckwheat. Fagopyrum, 17: 63-66.
Rulebook (2015). Rulebook on the quality of honey and other bee products, Official Gazette of the RS, 101/2015
Schilcher, H., Patz, B., & Schimmel, K.Ch. (1990). Klinische Studie mit einem Phytopharmakon zurBehandlung von Mikrozirkulationsstörungen. Ärztezeitschrift für Naturheilverfahren 31, 819-826
Scientific concepts of functional foods in Europe: Consensus Document (1999). Br. J. Nutr. 81 (Suppl. 1), pp. 27-27.
Sindhu, R., & Khatkar, B.S. (2019). Pseudocereals nutritional composition functional properties and food applications. S.C. Deka, D. Seth, N.R.S. Hulle (Eds.), Food Bioactives: Functionality and Applications in Human Health, Apple Academic Press, USA. pp. 129-148.
Skerritt, J.H. (1986). Molecular comparison of alcohol - soluble wheat and buckwheat proteins. Cereal Chem. 63, 365-369.
Skrabanja, V., & Kreft, I. (1998). Resistant starch formation following autoclaving of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) groats. An in vitro study. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46, 2020-2023.
Skrabanja, V., Laerke, H.N., & Kreft, I. (1998). Effects of hydrothermal processing of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) groats on starch enzymatic availability in vitro and in vivoin rats. J. Cereal Sci. 28: 209-214.
Skrabanja, V., Liljeberg Elmståhl, H.G.M., Kreft, I., & Björck, I.M.E. (2001). Nutritional propertiesof starch in buckwheat products: studies in v itro and in vivo. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49, 490-496.
Vojtíšková, P., Kmentová, K., Kubáň, V., & Kráčmar, S. (2012). Regular article chemical composition of buckwheat plant (Fagopyrum esculentum) and selected buckwheat products. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences (February Special issue), 1: 1011-1019.
http://www.naturalmedicinalherbs.net/herbs/f/fagopyrum-esculentum=buckwheat.php
https://leafwell.com/blog/what-is-rutin-guide-to-the-flavonoid/
https://www.dreamstime.com/rutin-molecule-vitamin-p-structural-chemical-formula-mole-model-sheet-paper-cage-vector-illustration-image125268745
Glamočlija, Đ. Mladenović-Glamočlija. M., & Cvijanović. G. (2011). Buckwheat, monograph. Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade. pp. 1-150.
Glamočlija, Đ., Janković, S., Popović, V., Filipović, F., Ugrenović, V., & Kuzevski J. (2015): Alternative crop plants in the conventional organic farming system, Monograph. Belgrade. pp. 1-355.
Ikanović, J., Popović, V., Janković, S., Glamočlija, Đ., & Kuzevski, J. (2012). Agro -ecological conditions and morpho-productive properties of buckwheat. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 29 (3), 555-562.
Joshi, D.C., Chaudhari, G.V., Sood, S., Kant, L., Pattanayak, A., & Zhang, K. (2019). Revisiting the versatile buckwheat: Reinvigorating genetic gains through integrated breeding and genomics approach. Planta, 250(3), 783-801, 10.1007/s00425-018-03080-4
Kolarić, Lj., Popović, V., Živanović, Lj., Ljubičićj N., Stevanovićj P., Šarčević Todosijević, Lj., Simić, D., & Ikanović, J. (2021). Buckwheat yield traits response as influenced by row spacing, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium management. Agronomy, https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122371, 11(12), 2371.
Kreft, I., & Skrabanja, V. (2002). Nutritional properties of starch in buckwheat noodles. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 48, 47-50.
Henriques, A.F., Jenkins, R.E., Burton, N.F. and Cooper, R.A. (2011). The effect of manuka honey on the structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 30(2), 167–71.
Huda, N., Lu, S., Jahan, T., Ding, M., Jha, R., Zhang, K., Zhang, W., Georgiev, M.I., Park, S.U., & Zhou, M. (2021). Treasure from garden: Bioactive compounds of buckwheat. Food Chem. 335: 127653.
Noreen, S., Rizwan, B., Khan, M., & Farooq, S. (2021). Health Benefits of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), Potential Remedy for Diseases, Rate to Cancer: A Mini Review. Infect Disord Drug Targets, 21(6): e170721189478. DOI: 10.2174/1871526520999201224122605.
Nouri, Z., Fakhri, S., Nouri, K., Wallace, C.E, Farzaei, M.H., and Bishayee, A. (2020). Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cancer: The Rutin Therapeutic Approach. Cancers. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12082276, 12(8): 2276.
Popović, V., Sikora, V., Berenji, J., Glamočlija, Đ., & Đekić, V. (2013a). The influence of ecological factors on the productivity of buckwheat seeds in the conventional and organic farming system. Journal of Institute of PKB Agroekonomik, Belgrade, 19(1-2): 155-165.
Popović, V., Sikora, V., Ikanović, J., Rajičić, V., Maksimović, L., Mickovski-Stefanović, V., & Katanski, S. (2013b). Production, productivity and quality of buckwheat in organic growing systems in course environmental protection, 17th Int. Eco-Conference®, 10th Eco-Conference on Environ. prot. of urban and suburban settlement, 25–28.9.13. Novi Sad, pp. 395-404.
Popović, V., Glamočlija, Đ., Maksimović, L., Ikanović, J., Živanović, Lj., Đekić, V., Ugrenović, V., Filipović, V., Simić, D., & Sikora, V. (2014a). Production of buckwheat in the Institute of Field and vegetable crops aimed at improving the quality of agricultural land. ECOIDS. 1st International Conference Ecological Improvement of Devastated Sites for Sustainable Development. Faculty of Applied Ecology Futura, Singidunum University, Belgrade, pp. 104-110.
Popović, V., Sikora, V., Berenji, J., Filipović, V., Dolijanović, Ž., Ikanović, J., & Dončić, D. (2014b): Analysis of buckwheat production in the world and Serbia. Economics of Аgriculture, Belgrade, EP, 61(1), 53-62.
Popović, V., Sikora, V., Ugrenović, V., & Filipović, V. (2017): Status of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) production in the worldwide and in the Republic of Serbia. Chapter 9. In. Rural Communities in the Global Economy. Beyond The Classical Rural Economy Paradigms, Ed.: Istudor Nicolae, Ignacio de Los Rios, Vasile A. J.. Nova Science Publishers, USA, pp.179-199. PP.1-325.
Popović, V., Kolarić, Lj., Žarković, B., Živanović, Lj., Šarčević Todosijević, Lj., Golijan, J., & Ikanović, J. (2019): Improvement of buckwheat production- Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Symposium on Genetics and Plant Breeding in Cereals: 13-15.11.2019, Novi Sad, Book of Abstracts available at www.ifvcns.rs/abstracts-borojevic, pp. 14-15.
Popović, V., Jovović, Z., Vučković, S., Ignjatov, M., Živanović, Lj., Kolarić, Lj., & Ikanović, J. (2021): Significance and application of the gluten pseudo-cereals Buckwheat - Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. X Symposium with international participation in innovation in the field and vegetable production, 21-22.10.2021, Faculty of Agriculture, Zemun-Belgrade, pp.64-65.
Park, C.H., Kim, Y.B., Choi, Y.S., Heo, K., Kim, S.L., Lee, K.C., Chang, K.J., & Lee, H.B. (2000). Rutin content in food products processed from groats, leaves and flowers of buckwheat. Fagopyrum, 17: 63-66.
Rulebook (2015). Rulebook on the quality of honey and other bee products, Official Gazette of the RS, 101/2015
Schilcher, H., Patz, B., & Schimmel, K.Ch. (1990). Klinische Studie mit einem Phytopharmakon zurBehandlung von Mikrozirkulationsstörungen. Ärztezeitschrift für Naturheilverfahren 31, 819-826
Scientific concepts of functional foods in Europe: Consensus Document (1999). Br. J. Nutr. 81 (Suppl. 1), pp. 27-27.
Sindhu, R., & Khatkar, B.S. (2019). Pseudocereals nutritional composition functional properties and food applications. S.C. Deka, D. Seth, N.R.S. Hulle (Eds.), Food Bioactives: Functionality and Applications in Human Health, Apple Academic Press, USA. pp. 129-148.
Skerritt, J.H. (1986). Molecular comparison of alcohol - soluble wheat and buckwheat proteins. Cereal Chem. 63, 365-369.
Skrabanja, V., & Kreft, I. (1998). Resistant starch formation following autoclaving of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) groats. An in vitro study. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46, 2020-2023.
Skrabanja, V., Laerke, H.N., & Kreft, I. (1998). Effects of hydrothermal processing of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) groats on starch enzymatic availability in vitro and in vivoin rats. J. Cereal Sci. 28: 209-214.
Skrabanja, V., Liljeberg Elmståhl, H.G.M., Kreft, I., & Björck, I.M.E. (2001). Nutritional propertiesof starch in buckwheat products: studies in v itro and in vivo. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49, 490-496.
Vojtíšková, P., Kmentová, K., Kubáň, V., & Kráčmar, S. (2012). Regular article chemical composition of buckwheat plant (Fagopyrum esculentum) and selected buckwheat products. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences (February Special issue), 1: 1011-1019.
http://www.naturalmedicinalherbs.net/herbs/f/fagopyrum-esculentum=buckwheat.php
https://leafwell.com/blog/what-is-rutin-guide-to-the-flavonoid/
https://www.dreamstime.com/rutin-molecule-vitamin-p-structural-chemical-formula-mole-model-sheet-paper-cage-vector-illustration-image125268745