SENSORY PROCESSING SENSITIVITY: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

Abstract

The paper discusses the concept of sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) as a heritable temperamental trait, characterized by deep cognitive processing, high emotional reactivity, sensitivity to subtle stimuli and a tendency towards overstimulation. Sensitivity is considered a phenotypic trait, distinct from neuroticism and introversion.
The paper analyzes the relations of SPS with personality traits (through the models of Eysenck and the Big Five), its factor structure and psychometric properties of the instrument that measures it, as well as the connection with positive and negative psychological outcomes. Special emphasis is placed on the role of the environment - as a protective andrisk factor - in moderating between SPS and these outcomes. Research suggests that highly sensitive individuals, although more vulnerable to stress and negative influences, possess significant cognitive, emotional, and social capacities, especially in supportive environments. Future directions point to the need to expand research to
include diverse cultural backgroundsand contextual factors, as well as the development of appropriate interventions to promote well-being in this population.