Annual of the Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje
The Annual of the Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje is an international peer-reviewed journal, published by the Faculty of Philosophy at the Sts. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje.The journal publishes one issue per year and is one of the oldest national scientific publications, published since 1948. It publishes original and review scientific papers, expert contributions, presentations at conferences and books, summaries of doctor's dissertations, commemorations of significant anniversaries, etc.
Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Philosophy
IN THE WORLD OF SIMULACRA AND SIMULATIONS
The work titled „In the World of Simulacra and Simulations “ is dedicated to the views of Jean Baudrillard, who developed an impressive and extreme theory of post-modern civilization, in which he announces the end of the modern industrial society and heralds the coming of the new post-modern society. The development of the information and communication technology brought about a revolution in the development of modern industrial societies and opens the road to the new era in civilization, „era of simulacra and simulations'‘ in which new forms of technology, culture and society are developed. Baudrillard anticipates the new social order as „a new technological order", „new environment", „a new field in everyday life", ,,a new mortality", and a new form of „hyper civilization". His detailed analyses of the new communication technology, the mass media and culture, as fundamental mechanisms of establishing new forms of power and domination over subjects, contribute to making clear the new courses of modern capitalist societies and offer a critical answer for the time in we live in.
Copyright (c) 2007 Suzana Simonovska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LIFE BETWEEN TECHNOPHOBY AND ABUSARDITY: SHOULD I BECOME A TECHNOPHOBE?
The well-known French writer and philosopher, Albert Camus, in his ‘Myth of Sisyphus’ claims that absurd exists because reality does not satisfy our requests. In a way, this points to the fact that reality could satisfy these requests if it were different. The other well-known writer, Manuel Castells in his book, “The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture - The Rise of the Network Society”, points to a dialectical interaction between technology and society: Technology does not determine society: it embodies it. But neither does society determinete technologycal inovation: it uses it. According to Castells, the present phase of capitalism has become possible because of developments in information technology. The introduction of innovations in the area of microelectronics, telecommunications, digital electronics, and network computing represent the rise of a new technological paradigm which becomes the basis of socio-economic relations. These new technologies effect pervasively all levels of production in different sectors as well as the whole of society. Unfortunately, technology became an end in itself. Of course, we are all aware that we need a certain changes to subdue technology, but I think it is now too late to change the course of technology. However, technology is frequently pictured as the only hope for a better future and the only means of making the world more humane. And that is the sort of statement that French philosopher Jacques Ellul calls the technological bluff. Technology is a discourse on techniques: therefore, the bluff lies not in the failure of techniques as such but in presenting them in a falsely optimistic light. The author formulated in 1954 two laws of technical progress: first, it is irreversible: second, it advances by a geometric progression. Thus, a computer revolution changes nothing in the nature of technical progress, although products are new. This progress is hampered not by internal mechanisms, but by maladaptation of the social body to it, since society is rooted in the past and constantly refers to it. On the other hand, technique is future oriented and discards as valueless everything that cannot be incorporated into the web of techniques. But, one of the features of the technical world is uncertainty. Technical progress does not know where it is going. This is why it is unpredictable. It always has both positive and negative effects, and they are inseparable; technical progress also creates more problems than solutions. This leads us to the observation that real technology and virtual technology are of different natures, if real and virtual are taken to refer to the degree to which mortality composes the experiential field of their operation. The first involves conflictual meaning and the second non-conflictual meaning (Le. the assumption that there is pure information which has a value per se). It could be argued that this is a false distinction, since all technology becomes real as it becomes past: the Gothic cathedral, the great iron structures of the nineteenth century and the super-computer are all the real solutions to virtual problems. The difference lies in the excess of means, which characterized those earlier technologies: the cathedral or the bridge employs more strength than is necessary for the weight to be borne, the technical means exceeding the effective end. The supplement is a supplement of the human imagination unsure as to the response of the material: the structure is a priori so threatened by mortality that excessive means must be used to guarantee its survival. In information technology, on the other hand, there is a convergence of means and ends. It uses the information it generates as its own material: it is the apotheosis of subjectivity projected into the domain of the material, which thereby becomes virtual (subjective- in-its elf).
Copyright (c) 2007 Vladimir Davchev https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Autism is a neurological disorder that limits a person ’s ability to function normally. Behavioral abnormalities, social limitations, sensory processing abnormalities, and impaired ability to communicate are the main issues in this multifactorial disorder. The increase in the rate of autism revealed by epidemiological studies implicates the importance of external or environmental factors. The aim of article is to show all data from literature concerning to physiological abnormalities in autistic persons. Autism etiopathology is still poorly defined but likely multifactorial with her liability playing a major role. Autistic children frequently have physiological abnormalities. Sulfoxidation and sulfation abnormalities can compromise liver detoxification, which may contribute to the high body burden of xenobiotics. Copper-zinc imbalance implies metallothionein impairment that could compound the negative impact of sulfur metabolism impairments on detoxification and on intestinal lining integrity. Intestinal hyperpermeability is manifested as dysbiosis, food intolerance, and exorphin (opioid) intoxication. Immune system abnormalities encompass derangement of antibody production, skewing of T cell subsets, aberrant cytokine profiles, and other impairments consistent with chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. This article also discusses the evidence for toxicity and oxidative stress and the possible involvement of glutathione. Finally, coagulation and mineral abnormalities have been reported.
Copyright (c) 2007 Vladimir Trajkovski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IMPACT OF GENDER AND EXTRAVERSION OF STUDENT SOCIAL WORKERS IN THEIR RECOGNITION OF EMOTIONS
The research has been made in order to determine whether there is a relation between the gender, the characteristics extraversion-introversion and recognition of the emotions among the students. A sample of 96 students from the Institute of Social work and Social Policy has been used for that purpose, 72 of which were female and 24 male. The characteristics extraversion - introversion have been measured with subscale for measuring the personal dimension extraversion - introversion from the Aisenk’s questionnaire EPQ. The recognition of the emotions has been measured with questionnaire made for that purpose from the person doing the research. From the results, the following conclusions have been made: o Female students recognise the emotions easier than the male students; There is no evident difference in recognition of the emotions between extravert and introvert students; • Female extravert students recognise the emotions easier than the male extravert students; • There is no evident difference in recognition of the emotions between introvert female and introvert male students; There is no evident difference in recognition of the emotions between male extravert and male introvert students; • Extravert female students recognise the emotions easier then introvert female students.
Copyright (c) 2007 Sofija Arnaudova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CONTEMPORARY THEORETICAL CONCEPTS OF STRESS
The complex nature of stress and different reaction caused by stress, are the basic reason for emerging of great number of theories attempting to define stress. In the analysis of the current theoretical concepts we have concluded that more of them in the defining of the term consider one of its components: biological, physiological or psychological Aware that non of the conceptions, regardless of how complete they are in its definition, cannot encompass all of the components of this complex phenomenon, the goal of this abstract is, through comprehensive analysis, to give a review of contributions and shortfalls of most important theories. Several most important physiological theories and cognitive- behavioral concepts were analyzed. Special accent was given to the psychological model of stress as most comprehensive conception that incorporates most of the components of stress. Finally, we have concluded that the phenomenon of stress is hard to define, therefore non of the definitions is final or satisfying.
Copyright (c) 2007 Ivan Trajkov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE CAPACITY OF THE INSTITUTIOS AND ADMINISTRATION AND THE MEMBERSHIP IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
The obligations of the institutions and administration of the Republic of Macedonia in the process of harmonization of the Macedonian with European legislation are very important. The question that is initiated very often is: Are the institutions and the administration blowing how to deal with all changes on the Macedonian road to reaching the strategic goals: membership of European Union and NATO. The dilemmas that are marked in the past years in realization of these processes presented complexity of the relations and conditions that should be analyzed but also to be changed. In the paper the effort is done to be presented the real capacity of the institutions and administration, the effects that they produce, the influence that they received and how they can manage all these questions. With precise positioning of the necessary resources and possibilities and also with the high level of the cooperation that is important, the capacity of the institutions and administration in the Republic of Macedonia could be strengthened. That is very important for the strategic issues and future of the country.
Copyright (c) 2007 Jovan Pejkovski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
OPINIONS AND SOLUTIONS FOR THE GLOBAL CRISIS AND THE GLOBAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCUSSED ON THE 43RD MUNICH CONFERENCE ON SECURITY POLICY
This analysis presents the global international relationships with a special accent on the XXIst century security challenge. We’ve analyzed the Munich conference for security politics where high country representatives and international organization’s representatives took part for discussion. The Munich conference is a very respected forum of leaders in the international community and it tries to offer practical decisions and initiatives for solving the problems in the crisis areas. The main theme are the problems in the Middle East with a special accent on the situations in Iraq and Afghanistan and NATO, EU, UN, and some other regional organizations help in handle the upcoming challenges. With their help, the disintegrated states and those critical regions will be able to cooperate among each other according to the principles of peaceful politics. We can conclude that the conference through the offered ideas tries to react preventively in the fight with the new challenges, in which NATO will be a fundamental hinge.
Copyright (c) 2007 Goran Zendelovski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
In the last few years crisis managing has become a priority theme for the security agenda of international governmental and non governmental organizations. Previously; crisis management was a priority between the contenders of the cold war, today, this theme results from new security challenges of non classic threats. As legitimate question and prerequisite for successful security realization, crisis managing has also become a part of the agenda of many western democracies, democracies in transition and post conflict societies. Hence, Crisis Management has become a part of post conflict Macedonian agenda. More serious urges for crisis management perspectives in Republic of Macedonia have arisen as conceptual answer for several reasons: - new security surrounding and challenges; - leaving of traditional defense; - effective and in time handle with risks and modern world threats system; - having no regulations or practice of coordinating the crisis assessment; - there is need of security system institution being in charge of crisis prevention and crisis handling.
Copyright (c) 2007 Sergej Cvetkovski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This paper highlights the principal issues and concerns about non-traditional global security threats upon national security and regional stability. It reflects the widespread\ international concern about the impact that organized crime, corruption, narcotic trade, terrorism and human trafficking are having on political and regional stability and economic vitality of the states. Rapidly increasing global interdependence brings with it new threats and vulnerabilities as well as new choices and opportunities. Responses to security threats considered in this sense should involve both state institutions and civil society. The promotion of security in such a globalize world depends on the willingness and ability of governments, citizens, corporations, and civil society organizations to contribute to the creation of a safe, equitable, and just global community. Security is not just a question of external threats to national sovereignty, security also means an effectively functioning society. Ultimately, the requirements of global peace and security are also the requirements of national security.
Copyright (c) 2007 Tanja Miloshevska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ETHNIC AND GEOGRAPHIC CARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION IN NORTHERN BORDER AREA ACCORDING TO ADMINISTRATIVE AND TERRITORIAL DIVISION FROM 2004
This study elaborates determined statistics concerning the movement and the ethnic and geographic characteristics of the population of the discussed municipalities from the northern part of the Republic of Macedonia, whose territories partially or completely belong to the border area. The data has been presented and analyzed for each municipality, according to the information from the census in 1994 and old territorial map from 1996 and census in 2002 and new administrative territorial division from 2004. Although there is information about the population of the Republic of Macedonia, what lacks is a concrete analysis concerning the statistics about the movement and the ethnic structure of the population in the municipalities, according to the existing territorial division. The analyses of the population from different aspects including the strategic and geographic are very important.
Copyright (c) 2007 Toni Mileski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
COORDINATION OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
Coordination of security community in Slovenia represents a very complex segment of the national security system of the Republic of Slovenia. Republic of Slovenia is one of the few post-communist countries which has succeeded to establish the fundaments of the security system relatively fast. Furthermore, it has also started considering coordination as inner mechanism and important function of the security sector. The rapid transformation and reorganization undertaken in the security sector by Slovenia, has also brought to radical steps in the security sector, which enabled i.e. paved the way of this country toward its full NATO membership.
Copyright (c) 2007 Oliver Bakreski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IN RESOLVING THE CONFLICT IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
During the conflict in the Republic o f Macedonia, it was becoming more and more evident that the spiral o f conflict is out of control of the Macedonian security forces. In other words, the scope and the intensity o f the conflict were announcing that the conflict coidd easily bring the Republic o f Macedonia on the edge of civil war with big consequences for the countiy and destabilization o f the wider region. In those conditions, had to be found fast solution between conflict, civil war and auto destruction on one side, or compromised peace on the other side. That is why, Macedonian government askedfor international help and also insisted that the so called third party have transformational role in the conflict. Or, said differently, the third party i.e. international community had active side in the conflict and therefore changed its original matrix and dynamics. The way in which the European Union reacted to the conflict in the Republic o f Macedonia was a test for the developing of new institutional framework o f the Foreign Security and Defence Policy and the political credibility o f the European Union on the international scene. Furthermore, the role of the OSCE in the conflict in the Republic o f Macedonia is seen through the activities undertaken by the Organization in direction to managing the conflict and its ending. Namely, NATO together with the EU, OSCE and the Macedonian side gave their contribution towards undertaking a series o f significant complementary reforms and measures o f confidence with primary aim to support wider political agreements and establish peace.
Copyright (c) 2007 Marina Mitrevska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PREVENTION HUMAN SOCURITU AND DEVELOPMENT: NATIONALAND LOCAL PERSPECTIVE
These paper focuses on the issues of prevention and human security trough different perspectives while the significance of the national and local perspectives are emphasized. Trough analysis of critical and affirmative viewpoints on human security the paper argues that the most appropriate one that recognizes national and local needs and priorities and is based on prevention of key threats on human security. The paper also evaluates the experiences on international human security agenda as well as the experience of the Republic of Macedonia in applying preventive strategy. On the other side the question about human security is key point in determining vulnerable groups and the causes of their insecurity. In a conclusion the paper recognizes that long term, structural prevention is a key approach in providing long tern stability and development.
Copyright (c) 2007 Lidija Georgieva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CHALLENGES OF GLOBALÏZATÏ ON AND SECURITY IMPLICATIONS
Within this paper titled Globalization and security implications various viewpoints concerning globalization are debate. The accent is on the negative consequences of the process of globalization starting with political, economic, security, social and cultural aspect. They are separated and grouped to compose so called non-military aspects of security that appeared currently but with the characteristic and real bases to proceed developing on the long term. Alongside we pay sufficient attention on globalization as a basic term and its positive aspects.
Copyright (c) 2007 Zoran Nacev https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This paper highlights the historical and scientific intersection of contemporary theories for revolutions. In our literature study for revolutions, their development and also for their significant historical challenges and consequences, were dominant attitudes of Marxism as Marx, Engel's and Lenin. With this scientific isolation, unjustified were excluded a great number of contemporary theories for revolution which throw a different light for this significant societal phenomenon in the past and presently. The important new item and originality of this study is to present a new one and complex approach in tracing differences and relation between armed conflicts and other forms of violence from aspect of polemology studies. In order to complete scan on this phenomenon, this paper present analysis for revolutions in the future, in fact, future of revolutions in contemporary international relations.
Copyright (c) 2007 Mitko Kotovcevski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEMOCRATIC PEACE THEORY: EXTERNAL POLITICAL DIMENSION
At first glance, the concept of democratic peace (or liberal peace) may look like theoretically exhausted theme of the scholarly discourse in the fields of political science and international relations. Nevertheless, it represents the core of the most powerful democracies ’ foreign policies, which is being used for justification of their concrete endeavors such as export of democracy That kind of mechanical understanding dominant in the policy-making and militaiy circles ignores some of the main postulates of the original theoretical concept, and most of all leads towards misuse of the Kantian vision of eternal peace. The article gives critical oveiwiew of the theoretical, conceptual and practical consequences of the application of democratic peace thesis at the beginning of the 21 century. The focal point is the need of deconstruction of the myth of democratic peace.
Copyright (c) 2007 Biljana Vankovska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THREE HUNDERED YEARS FROM THE BIRTH OF CARLO GOLDONI (1707-1793) - THE AUTOR OF THE COMICAL CHRONICLE OF HIS AGE
This text was initiated by the great anniversary - three centuries from the birth of the most important Venetian comediographer Carlo Goldoni (1707-1793). Nowadays his comedies are still popular and famous, so they are often set on the stages worldwide. But Goldoni's Venetian chronicle appeared under the certain circumstances of his time. It seems as it the specific from particular acts of his plays are presented on the genre paintings of the contemporary Venetian painter Pietro Longhi, who shared his everyday life motif inspiration. In the atmosphere of the democratic impulses of the new age and the affirmation of the middle classes, around the midcentury some changes took place in the theatre and in the painting as well. The audience was obviosly more inclined towards the subject matter from everyday life and its manifestation in reality’. At the same time, genre painting attracted an audience that was worthy of becoming its protag-, onist. Certain well-off category of the Venetian citizens desired to see themselves in the comedies of Carlo Goldoni and in the paintings of Pietro Longhi, regardless of the fact that both of them, with their piercing insight, mocked their weaknesses, fashion fads and moral decline. In harmony with realistic tendencies of the age of Enlightenment, Goldoni adapted the traditional Commedia delTArte to the taste of his time. He introduced the use of dialect in his plots and dialogues, and rejected the acrobatics and buffoonery which had led the comic action to vulgarization; he also removed the masks from the actors ' faces, thus making possible the presentation of characters that were truer to life. The reform of comedy took place gradually and opened the path to citizen drama. Goldoni's plays were constantly on the repertory of the Venetian theatres. This was the case even after 1761 when, discouraged by the success of another comediographer Carlo Gozzi, he moved to Paris, where he stayed until his death.
Copyright (c) 2007 Tatjana Filipovska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TWO 16th CENTURY SEAL RINGS OF AN UNIDENTIFIED NOBLEMAN FROM VODOČA
The unusual inventory from grave 489 at Vodoča ( a knife, fragments of buttons from high-quality garments and especially the two seal rings) offers a provocative story concerning an interesting and controversial individual from the 16"' century. Fig. 1, 2. The fact that the signet ring was found on the index finger of the right handoff the deceased (Fig. 5, 4), that its shape is characteristic of knights rings and that its seal is in the form of a dragon with spread wings indicates that the deceased was of noble origin, and probably a knight. The Knight Order of the Dragon was established by the Hungarian king in 1408 and its mission was the fight against the Antichrist and the onslaught of the Ottomans. The knights of the highest rank (kings, despots, herzogs, dukes and other feudal lords) had the privilege of,,best owing'1 knighthood on 50 of their followers. In the 15"' century, some ,,noble" individual from these parts was knighted in this manner. His descendant from the second or third generation (judging from the fact that the ring is worn off with long use) was buried with this insignia in grave 489 in Vodoča. At the same time, a practically „new" 16"'- century memorial ring with an Ottoman Turkish seal on which the name ‘Mohamed’ is inscribed was found on the left hand of this individual. (Fig. 5-7). It can be fairly safely assumed that the individual who gave this memorial ring as a gift was Mohamed Ibrahim who is mentioned in the Ottoman 16"'- century cadastral survey (defiers) in Vodica (Vodoča), district of Strumica, military district of Kjustendil.
Copyright (c) 2007 Elica Maneva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Greek Prefixes άρί- / έρί-, ’much, very’, in Mycenaean Personal Names and Their Forms
In this article, the author offers a possible classification of Mycenaean personal names and their forms in Aiolian and Ionian on the basis of the dialectological analysis of the Greek prefix άρί- / έρί-, 'much, very'. In this article, the author suggests that the Mycenaean personal name e-ri-sa-ta (KN Nc 4474) derives from έρί-, ‘much, very'and σάθη ‘männliches Glied’, i.e., е-ri-sa-ta/e-ri-sa-ta /Eri-sathäs/: *’Ερι-σάθας, from which the following forms survive in Greek as successors from the Mycenaean epoch: Έρί-σαθεύς cf, Έρι-σαΘεύς ’Απόλλων έν τη ’Αττική Hesch ~ cf, άνδρο- σάθης, cf, sa-ni-jo / Sannios : Sanniön / : Σάννιος : Σαννίων (ΡΥAn 6) and others.
Copyright (c) 2007 Miodrag M. Todorović https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANCIENT ORIGIN OF THE DOUBLE HERO IN MACEDONIAN EPIC POETRY
The main stand point of view in this research is that Macedonian epics reflects some models of Indo-European. For example, the double hero in the cycle of Marko the King is interpreted as a relict of ancient paradigmas in Near East epics and Ancient Greek epics. The parallels are based on detailed analysis of some peculiar element and some appearances of the same model in Roman epics and Balkan epic tradition. Special attention is paid to the doublet Skenderbey-Dinka as interpreted in literary epic poetry of Grigor Prlichev, Macedonian poet od XIX century>.
Copyright (c) 2007 Vitomir Mitevski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FINDING A SOLUTION FOR THE EPISCOPAL ISSUE IN NR MACEDONIA 1945-1958
Afther the holding of the first church national concil im March 1945, the issue for election of bishop for the eparchies in NR Macedonia was put forwart as very important. The issue was exceptionally complex due to not having appropriate staff in NR Macedonia, as well as because of the severe resistance of the Serbian Orthodox Church and its demand that the bishop who ruled the eparchies im Macedonia until april 1941 return to Macedonija. The issue remained opened until 1958, when the Second church national concil elected the first bishops in NR Macedonia after the World War Two. Their ordination was carried out in the next year 1959, which was also attended bu the Serbian Patriarch German of the that time. The issue about the election of bishops in the NR Macedonian eparchies was monitored by the state and parties structures, which sometimes had decisive influence od certain staff issues.
Copyright (c) 2007 Borche Ilievski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMRO AND THE ASSASSINATION OF THE YUGOSLAVIAN KING ALEXANDER KARAGJORGJEVIC
The Foreign policy of the Kingdom ofSCS (Yugoslavia) and Bulgaria was determined with the macedonian question. The different macedonian emigrant organizations in Bulgaria, specially IMRO were against the policy of better yugoslavian-bulgarian relations, because they thought that it want solve the national and state position of Macedonia. The attention of IMRO was focused on terrorist activities in the Vardar part of Macedonia under the Serbian authority, and the lidership of this organization was preparing for assassination of the Yugoslavian king Alexander Karagjorgjevic.
Copyright (c) 2007 Nikola Zhezhov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
After the conquest of Northern parts of Macedonia and its legal incorporation in medieval Serbia in 1299, Polog (North-Western region of Macedonia), has been involved in administrative structure of the Serbian state. According to the available sources, from the end of the XIII Century and in the first half of the XIV Century; Polog represented one administrative unit called,, ) Komi Полож'кл“ (Polog's zhoupa) which vanished in the second half of the XIV Century.
Copyright (c) 2007 Boban Petrovski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FRIENDLY NEGOTIATIONS WITHOUT OUTCOMES-SERBIAN-GREEK ATTEMPT FOR DIVIDING MACEDONIA ON SPHERE OF INTERESTS 1892/1893
The main aim of this supplement is to show the attempt of Greece and Serbia to achieve agreement about dividing Macednia on the sphere of interests during the period of 1892 to 1893. The Serbian government send its experienced diplomat Vladan Djordjevic in Athens with the task to negotiate with the greek government the possibility for division of Macedonia on the sphere of interest. Although both side belived that there were no serious disputes between them about Macedonia, the negotiations failed. It is veru easy to conclude that both side had a very different aspirations and views about Macedonia which made any possibility for agreement almost impossible.
Copyright (c) 2007 Dalibor Jovanovski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SMARO AND THE BULGARIAN GOVERNMENT OF CONSTANTINE STOILOV (1896-1898)
The main purpose of this supplement is to present the relationships between the Secret Macedonian Adrianople Revolutionary Organization (SMARO) and the Bulgarian government of Constantine Stoilov during the period of 1896 up to 1898. The character, intensity and contents of their mutual relationships depended from their aims, interests and understandings of Macedonian question. The main object of SMARO was political autonomy of Macedonia within the framework of the Ottoman Empire. The autonomy of Macedonia according the views of SMARO was the first phase towards creation of independent Macedonian state. On the other hand, the Bul-garian government was supporting the idea for autonomy of Macedonia, but as a first step towards its unification with Bulgaria. During the period from 1896 up to 1898, SMARO was endeavoring to take some material and financial aid from Bulgarian government for its activities for liberation of Macedonia without harming its independence. It was quite logical that with the giving a support to SMARO, Bulgarian government saw an opportunity to make some influence and control over the Macedonian organization with the aim to direct its activities according the needs of Sofia's government in Macedonia. That was the main cause for the ceasing of their mutual relationships in 1898.
Copyright (c) 2007 Vancho Gjorgjiev https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BYZANCE AND THE SLAVS FROM THE SALONICA’S AREA IN THE VII CENTURY
During the Vllth century relationships between Byzance and the Slavs from the areas around Salonica were on turnover. The Slavs endeavored to remove byzantinian rule from its only one military base in Macedonia.. During those activities Slavs acted as an alliance of several tribes. In order to strenght their force Slavs needed some ally, in 618 a. d. they were supported by the Avars. Byzantinian successful military operations against Slavs, brought an peace agreement between the contested sides. As a result of these agreement, probably, „rex Prebond“ was recognized for a „King of his Slavs ”. Prebond, similary to Teodrich the Great, pledge himself to act in direction for strenghting of the authority of the central government in Macedonia. After some time Prebond was suspected that make some“evil” plans about Salonica. During his stay in abovementioned city he was captured and send in Constantinople. After this event a delegation, composed by distinguished Salonica 's citiziens and representatives of Slavs, vi-sited the Byzantinian Emperor in ored to negotiate for liberating of Prebond. All of these show that there were regular relationships between two political subjects-Byzance and Slavs.
Copyright (c) 2007 Aleksandar Atanasovski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HISTORY STUDIES AND BOLOGNA PROCESS - PROBLEMES AND PRESPECTIVITIES
The changes issued on history studies at Faculty of Philosophy are analysed in this labour as a part of Bologna process. It provides answers of following questions: Where were we? Where are we? What should be done next for better and qualitative history education? Main purpose is to show a way of resolving momentarily failures and also to procure long progressive development of the state and nation.
Copyright (c) 2007 Violeta Achkoska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STRUGGLE FOR LIBERATION OF PEOPLE FROM ASIA AND AFRICA FROM COLONIAL POWER
During the history, the colonial relations have gone through several phases. Each phase has its own characteristics. That depended on the possibilities of the colonist countries and the liberating spirit of the individual nations. The colonial relations, regardless of the phase they go through, have several essential characteristics: high degree of exploitation, providing raw materials, acquiring wealth by clerks, law degree of accumulation, hoarding up the profit into the capital, economy stagnation of the colony and poverty of aboriginal people. The process of decolonization was particularly activated after the World War Two and with the enacting of the Decree of UN which gives possibilities for liberation of the nations from the colonial power.
Copyright (c) 2007 Margarita Peshevska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MORAL INTELLIGENCE OF ADOLESCENTS IN TODAY’S SOCIAL CONTEXT
The paper discusses moral intelligence of adolescents in today's social context. In the beginning, moral intelligence is defined and seven essential virtues are presented. Those are: empathy; conscience, self-control, respect, kindness, tolerance and fairness. Then, the characteristics of today's social context in which adolescents are developing are briefly reviewed, as well as the role of parents as the primary models of identification. Later on in the paper, the results of study about values, value orientations and models of identification of adolescent and their parents are being discussed. The results show that there is a negative shift in prosocial orientation in youth and that they also prefer less, particular values that are part of the components of moral intelligence. That condition is a consequence of this morally toxic world and systemic violence in which new generation lives and has negative influence on development of their value system. At the end of the paper, the ways parents can help their offspring are also discussed.
Copyright (c) 2007 Ana Frichand https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CAREER ORIENTATIONS: USEFULL CONSTRUCT IN PUTTING THE WORK PREFERENCES IN ACCORDANCE WITH LABOUR MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
The aim of this paper is to point at the necessity of complementing the activities from economic and social nature which are taken (or could he taken) for increasing the employment opportunities with activities from psychological natire (counseling and support from vocational psychologists). In that way, the emphasize is put on career orientations as usefidl construct in realisation of mentioned activities. Career orientations can contribute in increasing of the self-knowledge, i.e. personal preferences in the field of work. Then, brought in the balance with labour market conditions, they could be helpfull in making optimal decisions about employment or future career steps. Because career orientations are not axaminet in our context, the explorative analysis was made. The purpose of that analysis was to get an inside into their representation in our student population. The sample was consisted of 46 third year students at the Faculty of philosophy. Shein’s Career Orientatinon Inventory was used for data gathering. The most frecvently (in 30.43% of the subjects) as dominant career orientation was foud security which means preference of longtime and stabile employment. The most seldom (in 6.52% of the subjects) as dominant career orientation was foud technical-profesional competence which means preference of jobs in which people can realise and continously develope their abilities and skills. Menagerial competence, as a career orientation which means ambition toward high positions in the work organisation, was not found as the most important in any of the cases. The results are discused and recoman- dations for future research in this field are given.
Copyright (c) 2007 Biljana Blazhevska-Stoilkovska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0