MULTIPLE DISORDERS IN PEOPLE WITH MILD AND HARD MENTAL RETARDATION AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON PSYCHOMOTOR ORGANIZATION

Abstract

The issue of the multiple disabilities is as old as the existence of the man. But the awareness of the problem about existence of the people with multiple disabilities and also finding the methods, means and ways of tuition, education and rehabilitation is relatively new and appears in the middle of the XX century.

Multiple disabilities as a problem of defect logy in the Balkan emerges in the 50’s of the XX century with the words of Boric, A. who says: “Different combinations do not represent a sum of two or three disabilities, but it is qualitatively new appearance which needs special treatment and in practice special methods of works”.

Multiple disabilities are combination of several disabled functions which appear at the same time of a person.

Nevertheless multiple disabilities are not just a mechanical sum of disabilities and distortions. Disabilities and distortions interact among each other and determine the multiple effect.

According to one of the most widely accepted definitions of “multiplie disabilities” we can consider that disability which causes radical deviation with its combination in the social field of multiple disabled person and as such, person requires qualitatively adapted treatment to the relation of the primary disability itself.

The authors who research the issue of multiple disabilities agree that: multiple disabilities are complex copulation of signs of distortion which they created, and the most common combinations are visual auditive disabilities; multiple disabilities have wide range of influence on general psychological development, social status and ability to train the person.

Tuition, education and rehabilitation of the people with multiple disabilities is very serious, complex and responsible task. So far very little attention is paid to these kinds of disabilities and this problem is treated only from one aspect which represent extort solution and additional effort.

Treatment enough epidemiological data at least not in our region concerning the question: How, in what range and in which segments multiple disabilities reflect to the level of the psihomobility development at people with dominant moderate and severe mental retardation.

For that reason we decided to determine the range and the level of psihomobility development actually development of the particular qualities of the person in relation to the level of mental retardation (moderate and severe) and also in relation to diagnosed multiple disabilities in order to create conditions for organizing and application of appropriate multidiscipline rehabilitation treatment, working engagement organizing leisure activities and whole social life in general.

The treatment which will be applied in the process of rehabilitation of the people with multiple disabilities depends on the classification according to the dominance of the disability actually whether it’s about the people with dominant mental retardation auditiv, visual, and somatic disability or it’s about unspecified dominance.

However, common to all the programs of work is the introduction of stimulative multidiscipline individual treatment in which according to the primary disability appropriate motoric, verbal-stimulation, fono-stimulation, photo-stimulation and stimulation of the Gnostic functions will be used, including relaxation as a special kind of treatment which is performed before any kind of stimulation.