WATER HOLDING POLYMERS OF THEIR USE IN AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION
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Published:
Apr 1, 2018
Keywords:
Agricultural irrigation, water holding polymers, water scarcity.
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Abstract
World population is increasing at an alarming rate and expected to the major challenges of the near future. Population growth and the water demand is expected to be 50% higher than today. Using of Water Holding Polymers in agriculture has provided solutions to the problems of the present day agriculture increasing of the soils capacity to store water. Water holding polymers potentially influence soil evaporation and infiltration rates of water through the soils. Particularly, the polymers reduce irrigation frequency and compaction tendency, stop erosion and water run off. This study has been put together the possible effecs water holding polymers in water scarcity on yield and water using of the crops during critical periods of water. Polimers store rainwater in the soil in dry conditions. As a result, this review aimed to given information about the benefits of water holding polymers in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world.
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References
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2. Chen, S., Zommorodi, M., Fritz, E., Wang, S., Hüttermann, A. 2004. Hydrogel Modified Uptake of Salt Ions and Calcium in Populus Euphratica Under Saline Conditions. Springer Verlag. 18:175-183.
3. Di Lorenzo, R., Pisciotta, A., Santamaria, P., Scariot, V. 2013. From soil to soil-less in horticulture: Quality and typicity. Ital. J. Agron., 8, 255–260.
4. El-Hady, O.A. Safia. M. Adam and A.A Abdel- Kader, 2002. Sand-Compost-Hyrogel mix for low cost production of tomato seedlings. Egypt. J. Soil Sci., 42, (4):767-782.
5. El Sayed H. and Kirkwood R. C., 1992. Effects of NaCl salinity and hydrogel polymer treatments on viability, germination and solute contents in Maize (Zea mays) pollen. Phyton (Horn Austria). 32 (1), 143-157.
6. Flannery, R.L. and Busscher, W.J. 1982. Use of A Synthetic Polymer in Potting Soils to Improve Water Holding Capacity. Communications in Soil Sci. and Plant An., 13 (2), 103.
7. Fonteno, W. C., and Bilderback, T. E. 1993. Impact of Hydrogel on Physical Properties of Course- Structured Horticultural Substrates, Journal American Society of Horticultural Sciences 118: pp. 217222
8. Helalia, A.M. and Letey, J. 1989. Effects of different polymers on seedling emergence, aggregate stability and crust hardness. Soil Science, 148, 199-203. doi:10.1097/00010694-198909000-00007
9. Horie, K., Barón, M., Fox, R., He, J., Hess, M., Kahovec, J., Kitayama, T., Kubisa, P., Maréchal, E., Mormann, W., et al. 2004. Definitions of terms relating to reactions of polymers and to functional polymeric materials: (IUPAC Recommendations 2003). Pure Appl. Chem., 76, 889–906.
10. Johnson, C.R., Hummel, R.L., 1985. Influence of Mycorrhizate and Drought Stres on Growth of Poncirus citrus Seedling. Horticulture Science, 20 (4): 754-755.
11. Johnson, M.S. 1984. The effects of gel-forming polyacrylamides on moisture storage in sandy soils. J. Sci. Food Agriculture 35: 1196-1200.
12. Jhonson, M.S., Leah, R.T., 1990. Effects Of Superabsorbent Polyacrylamides On Efficiency Of Water Use By Crop Seedlings. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture.
13. Madakbaş,S.H., Önal M.S., Dündar B., 2014. Soil and Plant Functions of Water Holding Polymers, Environmental Impact and Possibilities of Their Use in Vegetable. Turkish Journal Of Agricultural And Natural Sciences, 1(2): 173–179.
14. Malik, M., Amrhein, C., Letey, J., 1991. Polyacrylamide to İmprove Water Flow and Salt Removal in a High Shrink-Swell Soil. Soil.Sci.Soc.Am.J., 55:1664-1667.
15. Mikkelsen, R.L. 1994. Using hydrophilic polymers to control nutrient release, Fert.Res., 38, 53-59.
16. Ohkawa, K., Tatehata, H., Yamamoto, H., 1999. Formation and Biodegradation of Natural Polymer Hydrogels, Fibers, and Capsules. Kobunshron, 56(10): 583-596.
17. Ouchi, S., A. Nishikawa and E. Kamada, 1990. Soil improving effect of asuper – water absorbent polymer (part2) evaporation, leaching of salts and growth of vegetables. Japanese Sci.and plant nutrition. 61: 6,606-613.
18. Saguy, I.S., Singh, R.P., Johnson, T., Fryer, P.J., Sastry, S.K. 2013. Challenges facing food engineering. J. Food Eng. 119, 332–342.
19. Sojka, R.E., Bjorneberg, D.L., Entry, J.A.Lentz, R.D., Orts, W.J., 2007. Polyacrilamide in Agriculture and Environmental Land Management. Soil Sci., 158, 233–234.
20. Teyel, M.Y. and El-Hady, O.A. 1981. Super gel as a soil conditioner. Acta Horticulture, 119, 247256.
21. Viero, P.W.M., Little, K.M., 2006. A Comparison of Different Planting Methods, İncluding Hydrogels and Their Effect on Eucalypt Survival and Initial Growth in South Africa. A Journal of Forest Science, 208 (1) : 5–14.
22. Vox, G., Teitel, M., Pardossi, A., Minuto, A., Tinivella, F., Schettini, E. 2010. Sustainable greenhouse systems. In Sustainable Agriculture: Technology, Planning and Management; Salazar, A., Rios, I., Eds.; Nova Science Publishers Inc.: Hauppauge, NY, USA,.
23. Wallace, A.,1987. Anionic Polyacrylamide Treatment Of Soil Improves Seedling Emergence And Growth. Hortscience. 22(5) 951. 52(3)431-434.