PRIDOBIVA JE Z A JA IZ BESEDIL I SLIK

  • Mojca Vizjak Pavšič Ljubljana, Slovenija

Сажетак

As numerous empirical studies consistently prove, the addition of a suitable picture to a text greatly speeds up learning and improves retention of material (Mayer 2005; Salomon 1994). As Weidenmann (1989) shows on the basis of a review of 48 experimental studies, illustrated texts have an advantage from the point of view of learning and retention. Test subjects who were presented with an illustrated text achieved scores that were on average 36 % higher than test subjects who had merely read or listened to a text. This effect appears with a wide variety of texts, pictures and tasks and with different types of learners. The advantages of illustrations for the acquisition of knowledge are based either on the simplification of the complex or on the presentation of the abstract in a more concrete manner; the two principles are not however equally suitable for the tackling of various tasks such as identification, classification, remembering sequences and patterns, problem solving, construction of mental models, structuring the content of a text, etc. This paper deals with the functions of pictures and the use of various types of pictorial presentation in different tasks.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Референце

Armbruster B.B. et al. Teaching text structure to improve reading and writing /
B.B. Armbruster, T.H. Anderson, J. Ostertag // The Reading Teacher. 1989. 43. P. 130-
137.
Bartram D.J. Comprehending spatial information: The relative efficiency of different
methods of presenting information about bus routes / D.J. Bartram // Journal of Applied
Psychology. 1980. 65. P. 103-110.
Bock M. et al. Pictorial Context and the Recall of Pronoun Sentences / M. Bock, B. Milz //
Psychological Research. 1977. 39. P. 203-220.
Bock M. The influence of pictures on the processing of texts: Reading time, intelligibility,
recall, aesthetic effect, need for rereading / M. Bock // G. Rickheit, M. Bock (eds.)
Psycholinguistic Studies in Language Processing. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter,
1983. P. 218-236.
Carrier C. et al. Using microcomputers with fourth-grade students to reinforce arithmetic skills /
C. Carrier, T.R. Post, W. Heck // Journal for Research in Mathematics Education. 1985.
16. P. 45-51.
Duchastel P. Illustrating instructional texts / P. Duchastel // Educational Technology. 1978. 18.
P. 36-39.
Flavell J.H. Metacognition and cognitive monitoring. A new area of cognitive-developmental
inquiry / J.H. Flavell // American Psychologist. 1979. 34. P. 906-911.
Gick M. L. Two functions of diagrams in problem solving by analogy / M.L. Gick // Mandl H.,
Levin J.R. (eds.) Knowledge Acquisition from Text and Pictures. Amsterdam: Elsevier
(North-Holland), 1989.
Holliday W.G. et al. Differential cognitive and affective responses to flow diagrams in
science / W.G. Holliday, L.L. Brunner, E.L. Donais // Journal of Research in Science
Teaching. 1977. 14. P. 129-138.
Levie H.W. et al. Effects of text illustration: A review of research / H.W. Levie, R. Lentz //
Educational Communication and Technology Journal. 1982. 30. P. 195-232.
Levin J.R. On Functions of Pictures in Prose / J.R. Levin // Pirozzolo F.J., Wittrock M.C. (eds.)
Neuropsychological and Cognitive Processes in Reading. New York: Academic Press,
1981.
Levin J.R. et al. On empirically validating functions of pictures in prose / J.R. Levin,
G.J. Anglin, R.N. Carney // Willows D.M., Houghton H.A. (eds.) The psychology of
illustration (51-85). New York: Springer, 1987.
Mayer R.E. Multimedia learning / R.E. Mayer. New York: Cambridge University Press,
2001.
Mayer R.E. The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning / R.E. Mayer. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Molitor S. et al. Problems in knowledge acquisition from text and pictures / S. Molitor, S.-
P. Ballstaedt, H. Mandl // Mandl H., Levin J.R. (eds.) Knowledge Acquisition from Text
and Pictures. Amsterdam: Elsevier (North-Holland), 1989.
Moyer J.C. et al. Story problem formats: Drawn versus verbal versus telegraphic / J.C. Moyer,
L. Sowder, J. Threadgill-Sowder, M.B. Moyer // Journal for Research in Mathematics
Education. 1984. 15. P. 342-351.
Paivio A. Imagery and Verbal Processes / A. Paivio. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston,
1971.
Salomon G. Interaction of media, cognition, and learning / G. Salomon. Hillsdale, NJ:
Erlbaum, 1994.
Schnotz W. Sign systems, technologies, and the acquisition of knowledge / W. Schnotz //
Rouet J.F., Levonen J., Biardeau A. (eds.) Multimedia learning – cognitive and
instructional issues. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001.
Schnotz W. An integrated model of multimedia learning / W. Schnotz // Mayer R.E. (ed.) The
Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning (49-69). Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2005.
Schnotz W. et al. Construction and interference in learning from multiple representation /
W. Schnotz, M. Bannert // Learning and Instruction. 2003. 13. P. 141-156.
Seel D.M. et al. Presentation of information by media and its effect on mental models /
N.M. Seel, P. Strittmatter // Mandl H., Levin J.R. (eds.) Knowledge Acquisition from Text
and Pictures. Amsterdam: Elsevier (North-Holland), 1989.
Vizjak Pavšič M. i dr. Oko duha: značilnosti in procesiranje mentalnih predstav / M. Vizjak
Pavšič, J. Musek, V. Rajkovič // Anthropos. 1996. 3-4. S. 183-194.
Vizjak Pavšič M. Razumevanje in reprezentacija znanja / M. Vizjak Pavšič // Filologičeskie
zametki: Mežvuzovskij sbornik naučnyh trudov / ur. T. Jerofejeva J. Mojsieva-Guševa,
Ž. Knap. Perm-Skopje-Ljubljana, 2006. T. I. Vyp. 4. S. 50-59.
Waller R. Understanding network diagrams / R. Waller // Paper presented at the annual
meeting of the American Educational Research Association. Los Angeles, 1981.
Weidenmann B. When good pictures fail: an information-processing approach to the effect of
illustrations / B. Weidenmann // Mandl H., Levin J.R. (eds.) Knowledge Acquisition from
Text and Pictures. Amsterdam: Elsevier (North-Holland), 1989.
Winn W. The design and use of instructional graphics / W. Winn // Mandl H., Levin J.R. (eds.)
Knowledge Acquisition from Text and Pictures. Amsterdam: Elsevier (North-Holland),
1989.
Објављено
2019-10-31
Секција
Филозофско-културне проблеме