INDUCED MUTAGENESIS FOR YIELD COMPONENT VARIABILITY IN WINTER WHEAT: EVALUATION OF GAMMA IRRADIATION DOSES IN THE M3 GENERATION
Клучни зборови:
gamma irradiation, induced mutagenesis, winter wheat, spike number, seed yield, mutant lines, genetic variabilityАпстракт
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple crop that plays a crucial role in global food security. Induced mutagenesis represents an effective approach for generating novel genetic variability in well-adapted cultivars and expanding the genetic base available for breeding. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma ray irradiation on the winter wheat variety “Nova Bosanka” by assessing dose-dependent responses in mutant populations and identifying promising lines for further selection. A total of 6 000 seeds were irradiated with three doses (150, 200 and 300 Gy) and advanced to the M3 generation under field conditions using the pedigree method. The number of spikes and seed yield were recorded for mutant lines based on five plants per line. Welch’s one-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of irradiation dose on spike number (p ≤ 0.05), with the highest mean value observed at 300 Gy, while seed yield did not differ significantly among treatments. However, higher doses markedly increased phenotypic variability, particularly for seed yield, where the coefficient of variation reached 59.2% at 300 Gy. The identification of extreme high-yielding mutant lines and genotypes combining high spike number and seed productivity demonstrates the effectiveness of gamma irradiation for generating useful agronomic variation. Moderate doses (200 Gy) provided a favorable balance between mutagenic effectiveness and survival, whereas the highest dose produced the most promising elite lines. The selected mutants represent valuable genetic material for further evaluation in replicated and multi-environment trials and for use in wheat improvement programs.
Референци
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