EFFECTS OF REPLACING LOW STARCH BY-PRODUCTS FOR BARLEY GRAIN ON in situ RUMEN DEGRADABILITY AND in vitro GAS PRODUCTION PROPERITES OF A TOTAL MIXED RATION Ruminant Nutrition
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study was conducted to study the effects of different sources of low starch by-products substituted for barley grain on in situ rumen degradability and in vitro gas production properties of a total mixed ration. The experimental treatments consisted of 370 g/kg roughages and 630 g/kg concentrates. The total mixed diets contained 100 g /kg dry matter (DM) barley grains (BG, control diet), sugar beet pulp (SBP, treatment 2), wheat bran (WB, treatments 3), or dried citrus pulp (DCP, treatment 4). In the first experiment, the experimental diets were evaluated for in-situ rumen degradability by the nylon bag technique. In the second experiment, treatments were evaluated for in vitro gas production parameters. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design. The data on in situ experiment indicated that non-soluble degradation fraction (b), the fractional degradation rate (c) and potential degradability (a+b) were not affected by the diets (P>0.05). However, soluble degradable fraction (a) was highest for a diet with DCP (P<0.05). The in vitro gas production data showed there were no significant differences among treatments for gas produced at different times of incubation (P>0.05). Besides, the potential gas production (b), and OMD did not differ among treatments (P>0.05). But, the fractional rate of gas production (c) was lowest for diet with DCP (P<0.05). Still, SCFA varied among various treatments (P<0.05), and it was higher for DCP treatment than other groups. It concluded that replacing low starch by-products, such as dried citrus pulp and sugar beet pulp, for up to 10% of diet DM instead of barley grain can improve the DM digestibility of a total mixed ration without any adverse effect on ruminal fermentation in ruminants.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Allen, M.S., 2000. Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 1598–1624.
Andrade, W. R., Pires, A. J. V. and de Jesus, M. O. 2020. Citrus Co-Products in Ruminants Feeds: A Review. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 10(2), 191-202.
Bailoni, L., Bonsembiante, M., Schiavon, M., Pagnin, G., Tagliapietra, F., 2003. Estimation of the content of pectins in feeds: fractional extraction and quantitative determination. Veterinary Research Communications, 27 Suppl (1), 249–251.
Barrios-Urdaneta, A., Fondevila, M., Castrillo, C., 2003. Effect of supplementation with different proportions of barley grain or citrus pulp on the digestive utilization of ammonia-treated straw by sheep. Animal Science 76, 309–317.
Dann, H. M., Tucker, H. A., Cotanch, K. W., Krawczel, P. D., Mooney, C. S., Grant, R. J., Eguchi, T., 2014. Evaluation of lower-starch diets for lactating Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 97, 7151-7161.
Dhakad, A., Garg, A. K., Singh, P. and Agrawal, D. K. 2002. Effect of replacement of maize grain with wheat bran on the performance of growing lambs. Small Ruminant Research, 43(3), 227-234.
Ertl, P., Zebeli, Q., Zollitsch, W., Knaus, W., 2016. Feeding of wheat bran and sugar beet pulp as sole supplements in high forage diets emphasizes the potential of dairy cattle for human food supply. Journal of Dairy Science, 99, 1-9.
Fondevila, M., Barrios Urdaneta, A., Balcells, J. and Castrillo, C. 2002. Gas production from straw incubated in vitro with different levels of purified carbohydrates. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 101, 1-15.
Getachew, G., Makkar, H.P.S., Becker, K., 2002. Tropical browses: content of phenolic compounds, in vitro gas production and stoichiometric relationship between short chain fatty acids and in vitro gas production. Journal of Agricultural Science 139, 341–352.
García-Rodríguez, J., Saro, C., Mateos, I., González, J. S., Carro, M. D. and Ranilla, M. J. 2020. Effects of Replacing Extruded Maize by Dried Citrus Pulp in a Mixed Diet on Ruminal Fermentation, Methane Production, and Microbial Populations in Rusitec Fermenters. Animals, 10(8), 1316.
Grant, R. J., Mertens, D.R., 1992. Influence of buffer pH and raw corn starch addition on in vitro fiber digestion kinetics. Journal of Dairy Science, 75, 2762-2768.
Lashkari ,S., Taghizadeh, A., Paya, H. and Jensen, S.K. 2017. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of fattening lambs fed diet replacing corn with orange pulp. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 15, 1-6.
Menke, K.H. Steingass, H., 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research Development 28.
Menke, K. H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D., Schneider, W., 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) 92, 217-222.
Miron, J., Yosef, E., Ben-Ghedalia, D., Chase, L. E., Bauman, D. E., Solmon, R., 2002. Digestibility by dairy cows of monosaccharide constituents in total mixed rations contaning citrus pulp. Journal of dairy science 85, 89-94.
National Research Council, 2001 (NRC). In: Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle seventh revised ed. National Academic Science, Washington, DC, USA.
Oba, M., Allen, MS., 1999. Evaluation of the importance of the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber from forage: effects on dry matter intake and, milk yield. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 589-596.
Ørskov, E.R., McDonald, I., 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science 92, 499–503.
Ørskov, E.R., DeB. Hovell, F.D., Mould, F.L., 1980. The use of the nylon bag technique
for evaluation of feedstuffs. Tropical Animal Production 5, 195-213.
SAS Institute Inc., 2003. SAS/STAT User’s Guide: Version 9.1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.
Snedecor, G.W., Cochran, W.G., eds., 1980. Statistical Methods, seventh ed.: The Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, USA, p. 507.
Sparkes, J. L., Chaves, A.V., Fung, Y.T.E., van Ekris, I., Bush, R.D., 2010. Effects of replacing Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) hay with fresh citrus pulp on ruminal fermentation and ewe performance. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 23 (2), 197–204.
Sunvold, G.D., Hussein, H.S., Fahey, Jr., G.C., Merchen, N.R., Reinhart, G.A., 1995. In vitro fermentation of cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp, and citrus pectin using fecal inoculum from cats, dogs, horses, humans, and pigs and ruminal fluid from cattle. Journal of Animal Science 73, 3639–3648.
Tadayon, Z., Rouzbehan, Y. and Rezaei, J. 2017. Effects of feeding different levels of dried orange pulp and recycled poultry bedding on the performance of fattening lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 95, 1751-1765.
Thibault, J. F., Guillon, F., Rombouts, F. M., 1991. Gelation of sugar beet pectin by oxidative coupling. In R. H.Walter, ed. The Chemistry and Technology of Pectin, Academic Press, Inc., New York, p. 119-133.
Voelker, J.A., Allen, M.S., 2003. Pelleted beet pulp substituted for high-moisture corn: 2. Effects on digestion and ruminal digestion kinetics in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 3553–61.