DIFFERENT SOILLESS CULTURE SYSTEMS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
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Published:
Dec 1, 2019
Keywords:
Hydroponics, substrates, open system, closed system.
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Abstract
Soilless culture is growing plants without use of soil as a rooting medium, and divided into water culture and substrate culture. Among the water culture techniques, float hydroponics is adopted for the cultivation of fresh-cut leafy vegetables and aromatic plants. Substrate culture by using plastic bags has been applied successfully at commercial level for fruiting vegetables. Production scale, crops, growing cycles and length of each cycle, cost and management skills should be considered as well as environmental concerns in the decision of soilless culture system. Therefore, closed loop systems have gained importance for increasing sustainability in soilless cultivation. This presentation aims to summarize different soilless culture systems and the potential of their use in vegetable production.
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References
Alberici A., Quattrini E., Penati, M., Martinetti, L., Gallina, P.M., Ferrante, A. and Schiavi, M. (2008). Effect of the reduction of nutrient solution concentration on leafy vegetables quality grown in floating system. ISHS Acta Horticulturae, 801:1167-1175.
Benoit, F. and Ceustermans, N. (1995). Horticultural aspects of ecological soilless growing methods. Acta Horticulturae, 396:11-24.
Böhme, M. (1996). Influence of closed systems on the development of cucumber. ISOSC Proceedings, 75-87.
Burrage, S.W. (1999). The Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) for Crop Production in the Mediterranean Region. Acta Horticulturae, 486:301-305.
Cocetta, G., Quattrini, E., Schiavi, M., Martinetti, L., Spinardi, A. and Ferrante, A. (2007). Nitrate and sucrose content in fresh-cut leaves of spinach plants grown in floating system. Agricultural Medicine, 137:79-85.
El-Behairy, U.A., Abou-Hadid, A.F., Medany, M.A. and Awad, M.M. (2001). The effect of different cultivars, orientation and soilless culture systems on production and quality of strawberry. Acta Horticulturae, 548:59-64.
Graves, C.J. and Hurd, R.G. (1983). Intermittent solution circulation in the nutrient film technique. Acta Horticulturae, 133: 47-52.
Gruda, N., Qaryouti, M.M. and Leonardi, C. (2013). Growing Media. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper, 217: 271-302.
Gül, A., Tüzel, İ.H., Tuncay, O., Eltez, R.Z. and Zencirkıran, E. (1999). Soilless culture of cucumber in glasshouses: I. A comparison of open and closed systems on growth, yield and quality. Acta Horticulturae, 491:389-393.
Gül, A., Tüzel, İ.H., Tüzel, Y. and Eltez, R.Z. (2000). Effect of continuous and intermittent solution circulation on tomato plants grown in NFT. Acta Horticulturae, 554:205-212.
Gül, A., Tüzel, Y., Tüzel, İ.H., Eltez, R.Z, Meriç, M.K., Akat, Ö. and Demirelli, A. (2001). Researches on the development of soilless culture systems suitable for Turkish greenhouse conditions (in Turkish). Project No: 98/BİL/023, Ege Univ., İzmir, 73 p.
Gül, A. (2017). Soilless cultivation in Turkey. Chronica Horticulturae, 57(3):23-27.
Gonnella, M., Serio, F., Conversa, G. and Santamaria, P. (2003). Yield and quality of lettuce grown in floating system using different sowing density and plant spatial arrangements. Acta Horticulturae, 614:687-692.
Jiang, W.J,. Liu, W., Yu, H.J. and Zheng, G.H. (2004). Development of eco-organic type soilless culture in mainland China. Acta Horticulturae, 633: 295-300.
Kaya, S., Caturano, E., Tuzel, Y., Okur, N. and Leonardi, C. (2008). Response of tomato plants to organic nutrition in soilless culture Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 6(2):303-305.
Lopez, J., Dorais, M., Tremblay, N., Gosselin, A. and Munuz-Carpena, R. (1998). Effects of varying sulfate concentrations and vapour pressure deficits (VPD) on greenhouse tomato fruit quality, foliar nutrient concentrations and amino acid components. Acta Horticulturae, 458:303-310.
Morgan, L. (1999). Hydroponic Lettuce Production. Casper Productions, Narrabeen, NSW, Australia.
Pardossi, A., Tognoni, F. and Incrocci, L. (2004). Mediterranean greenhouse technology. Chronica Horticulturae, 44 (2):28-34.
Pardossi, A., Malorgio, F., Incrocci, L. and Tognoni, F. (2005). Hydroponic technologies for greenhouse crops. In Dris, R. (ed.), Crops: Quality, Growth and Biotechnology, WFL Publisher, Helsinki, Finland. 360-378.
Pardossi, A., Carmassi, G., Diara, C., Incrocci, L., Maggini, R. and Massa, D. (2011). Fertigation and Substrate Management in Closed Soilless Culture. Dipartimento di Biologia delle Piante Agrarie, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Putra, A.P. and Yuliando, H. (2015). Soilless Culture System to Support Water Use Efficiency and Product Quality: A Review. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 3:283-288.
Raviv, M. and Lieth, J.H. (2007). Soiless Culture: Theory and Practice. (1st Edition) Elsevier Science, 608 p.
Raviv, M. and Lieth, J.H. (eds.) (2008). Significance of soilless culture in agriculture. Soilless Culture: Theory and Practice. Elsevier Pub., USA, 1-11.
Raviv, M. (2017). Should we use soilless media in organic greenhouses?. Acta Horticulturae, 1164:535-540.
Resh, H.M. (1991). Hydroponic Food Production. Woodbridge Press Pub. Com., California.
Savvas, D. (2002). General Introduction. In In Savvas, D. and Passam, H.C. (eds.), Hydroponic Production of Vegetables and Ornamentals, Embryo Publication, Grecee, 15–23.
Savvas, D., Gianquinto, G., Tüzel, Y. and Gruda, N. (2013). Soilless culture. In Good Agricultural Practices for Greenhouse Vegetable Crops. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 217 (Rome, Italy: FAO), p.303–354.
Tüzel, İ.H., İrget, M.E., Gül, A., Tuncay, Ö. and Eltez, R.Z. (1999). Soilless culture of cucumber in glasshouses: II A Comparison of open and closed systems on water and nutrient consumptions. Acta Horticulturae, 491:395-400.
Tüzel, İ.H., Tüzel, Y., Gül, A., Meriç, K.M. and Eltez, R.Z. (2000). Comparison of open and closed systems on yield, water and nutrient consumption and their environmental impact. Acta Horticulturae, 554:221-228.
Tüzel, Y, Tüzel, İ.H., Gül, A. and Eltez, R.Z. (2002). Comparison of open and closed systems on yield and quality of greenhouse grown tomatoes. Acta Horticulturae, 579:585-590.
Tüzel, Y., Gül, A., Tüzel, İ.H., Öztekin, G.B., Eltez, R.Z., 2003. Effect Of Renewing The Nutrient Solution On Tomato Plants Grown In NFT. Savremeni povrtar Poljoprivredni Fakultet Novi Sad, December 2003:5-8.
Van Os, E.A., Van Kuik, F.J., Runia, W.T. and Van Buuren, J. (1998). Prospects of slow sand filtration to eliminate pathogens from recirculating nutrient solutions. Acta Horticulturae, 458:377-381.
Van Os, E.A. (1999). Closed Soilless Growing Systems: A Sustainable Solution for Dutch Greenhouse Horticulturae. Water Science and Technology, 39(5):105-112.
Wohanka, W. (2002). Nutrient solution disinfection. In Savvas, D. and Passam, H.C. (eds.), Hydroponic Production of Vegetables and Ornamentals,. Embryo Publications, Athens, Greece, 345–372.
Benoit, F. and Ceustermans, N. (1995). Horticultural aspects of ecological soilless growing methods. Acta Horticulturae, 396:11-24.
Böhme, M. (1996). Influence of closed systems on the development of cucumber. ISOSC Proceedings, 75-87.
Burrage, S.W. (1999). The Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) for Crop Production in the Mediterranean Region. Acta Horticulturae, 486:301-305.
Cocetta, G., Quattrini, E., Schiavi, M., Martinetti, L., Spinardi, A. and Ferrante, A. (2007). Nitrate and sucrose content in fresh-cut leaves of spinach plants grown in floating system. Agricultural Medicine, 137:79-85.
El-Behairy, U.A., Abou-Hadid, A.F., Medany, M.A. and Awad, M.M. (2001). The effect of different cultivars, orientation and soilless culture systems on production and quality of strawberry. Acta Horticulturae, 548:59-64.
Graves, C.J. and Hurd, R.G. (1983). Intermittent solution circulation in the nutrient film technique. Acta Horticulturae, 133: 47-52.
Gruda, N., Qaryouti, M.M. and Leonardi, C. (2013). Growing Media. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper, 217: 271-302.
Gül, A., Tüzel, İ.H., Tuncay, O., Eltez, R.Z. and Zencirkıran, E. (1999). Soilless culture of cucumber in glasshouses: I. A comparison of open and closed systems on growth, yield and quality. Acta Horticulturae, 491:389-393.
Gül, A., Tüzel, İ.H., Tüzel, Y. and Eltez, R.Z. (2000). Effect of continuous and intermittent solution circulation on tomato plants grown in NFT. Acta Horticulturae, 554:205-212.
Gül, A., Tüzel, Y., Tüzel, İ.H., Eltez, R.Z, Meriç, M.K., Akat, Ö. and Demirelli, A. (2001). Researches on the development of soilless culture systems suitable for Turkish greenhouse conditions (in Turkish). Project No: 98/BİL/023, Ege Univ., İzmir, 73 p.
Gül, A. (2017). Soilless cultivation in Turkey. Chronica Horticulturae, 57(3):23-27.
Gonnella, M., Serio, F., Conversa, G. and Santamaria, P. (2003). Yield and quality of lettuce grown in floating system using different sowing density and plant spatial arrangements. Acta Horticulturae, 614:687-692.
Jiang, W.J,. Liu, W., Yu, H.J. and Zheng, G.H. (2004). Development of eco-organic type soilless culture in mainland China. Acta Horticulturae, 633: 295-300.
Kaya, S., Caturano, E., Tuzel, Y., Okur, N. and Leonardi, C. (2008). Response of tomato plants to organic nutrition in soilless culture Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 6(2):303-305.
Lopez, J., Dorais, M., Tremblay, N., Gosselin, A. and Munuz-Carpena, R. (1998). Effects of varying sulfate concentrations and vapour pressure deficits (VPD) on greenhouse tomato fruit quality, foliar nutrient concentrations and amino acid components. Acta Horticulturae, 458:303-310.
Morgan, L. (1999). Hydroponic Lettuce Production. Casper Productions, Narrabeen, NSW, Australia.
Pardossi, A., Tognoni, F. and Incrocci, L. (2004). Mediterranean greenhouse technology. Chronica Horticulturae, 44 (2):28-34.
Pardossi, A., Malorgio, F., Incrocci, L. and Tognoni, F. (2005). Hydroponic technologies for greenhouse crops. In Dris, R. (ed.), Crops: Quality, Growth and Biotechnology, WFL Publisher, Helsinki, Finland. 360-378.
Pardossi, A., Carmassi, G., Diara, C., Incrocci, L., Maggini, R. and Massa, D. (2011). Fertigation and Substrate Management in Closed Soilless Culture. Dipartimento di Biologia delle Piante Agrarie, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Putra, A.P. and Yuliando, H. (2015). Soilless Culture System to Support Water Use Efficiency and Product Quality: A Review. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 3:283-288.
Raviv, M. and Lieth, J.H. (2007). Soiless Culture: Theory and Practice. (1st Edition) Elsevier Science, 608 p.
Raviv, M. and Lieth, J.H. (eds.) (2008). Significance of soilless culture in agriculture. Soilless Culture: Theory and Practice. Elsevier Pub., USA, 1-11.
Raviv, M. (2017). Should we use soilless media in organic greenhouses?. Acta Horticulturae, 1164:535-540.
Resh, H.M. (1991). Hydroponic Food Production. Woodbridge Press Pub. Com., California.
Savvas, D. (2002). General Introduction. In In Savvas, D. and Passam, H.C. (eds.), Hydroponic Production of Vegetables and Ornamentals, Embryo Publication, Grecee, 15–23.
Savvas, D., Gianquinto, G., Tüzel, Y. and Gruda, N. (2013). Soilless culture. In Good Agricultural Practices for Greenhouse Vegetable Crops. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 217 (Rome, Italy: FAO), p.303–354.
Tüzel, İ.H., İrget, M.E., Gül, A., Tuncay, Ö. and Eltez, R.Z. (1999). Soilless culture of cucumber in glasshouses: II A Comparison of open and closed systems on water and nutrient consumptions. Acta Horticulturae, 491:395-400.
Tüzel, İ.H., Tüzel, Y., Gül, A., Meriç, K.M. and Eltez, R.Z. (2000). Comparison of open and closed systems on yield, water and nutrient consumption and their environmental impact. Acta Horticulturae, 554:221-228.
Tüzel, Y, Tüzel, İ.H., Gül, A. and Eltez, R.Z. (2002). Comparison of open and closed systems on yield and quality of greenhouse grown tomatoes. Acta Horticulturae, 579:585-590.
Tüzel, Y., Gül, A., Tüzel, İ.H., Öztekin, G.B., Eltez, R.Z., 2003. Effect Of Renewing The Nutrient Solution On Tomato Plants Grown In NFT. Savremeni povrtar Poljoprivredni Fakultet Novi Sad, December 2003:5-8.
Van Os, E.A., Van Kuik, F.J., Runia, W.T. and Van Buuren, J. (1998). Prospects of slow sand filtration to eliminate pathogens from recirculating nutrient solutions. Acta Horticulturae, 458:377-381.
Van Os, E.A. (1999). Closed Soilless Growing Systems: A Sustainable Solution for Dutch Greenhouse Horticulturae. Water Science and Technology, 39(5):105-112.
Wohanka, W. (2002). Nutrient solution disinfection. In Savvas, D. and Passam, H.C. (eds.), Hydroponic Production of Vegetables and Ornamentals,. Embryo Publications, Athens, Greece, 345–372.