Vaccine Mandates: Deepening the Rift Between Polarized Ideology on Social Media
Article Sidebar
Published:
Dec 25, 2022
Keywords:
vaccine mandate, vaccine hesitancy, CDA, pragmatics, social media
Main Article Content
Abstract
Facing the consequences of one of the most deadly waves of the Covid-19 pandemic towards the end of 2021, the political authorities all over the world struggled to persuade people to get as massively vaccinated as possible, using rhetoric which ranged from threats to even begging. Focusing on the vaccine hesitancy by certain populations, most governments have started to impose a vaccine mandate for all citizens, which resulted in eruption of protests across a number of European, Australian and American cities. Consequently, the intolerance of “the other”, either vaccinated or unvaccinated, has risen among social media users. By combining the methods of critical discourse and pragmatic analysis, this research attempts to investigate the main pro and con argumentation of social media users (Macedonian and English) made in the comment threads of posted online news on mandatory vaccination. The detailed discursive analysis of the samples reveals that fear, triggered by threat as well as risk, is what justifies both sides’ attitude and reasoning.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Article Details
How to Cite
Trajkova Strezovska, Zorica, and Silvana Neškovska. 2022. “Vaccine Mandates: Deepening the Rift Between Polarized Ideology on Social Media”. Journal of Contemporary Philology 5 (2), 45–64. https://doi.org/10.37834/JCP2252045ts.
Section
Selected Articles
Copyright © 2019 Blaže Koneski Faculty of Philology, Skopje
Journal of Contemporary Philology (JCP)
Современа филологија
References
Anderson, A. A., Brossard, D., Scheufele, D.A., Xenos, M. A. and Ladwig P. (2014). The “nasty effect:” Online incivility and risk perceptions of emerging technologies. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19 (3), 373–387.
Atifi, H. and Marcoccia, M. (2017). Exploring the role of viewers’ tweets in French TV political programs: Social TV as a new agora?. Discourse, Context and Media 19, 31–38.
Baumeister, R. F., and Vohs, K. D. (2007). Gain–loss framing. In Encyclopedia of social psychology. 1, 371-372. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Conrad, S. and Biber,D. (2000). Adverbial Marking of Stance in Speech and Writing. In S. Hunston and G.Thompson (eds.) Evaluation in Text: Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse, 56–73. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Chong, D. and Druckman, N.J. (2007). Framing Theory. Annual Review of Political Science. 10, 103-126. doi: 10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054
Du Bois, W. J. (2007). The Stance Triangle. In R.Englebretson (ed.). Stancetaking in Discourse. 139–182. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Elsharkawy, A. (2012). Critical Discourse Analysis and Discourse of Power: CDA in Practice. GRIN Verlag.
Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication. 43 (4), 51-58.
Entman, R. M. (2004). Projections of Power: Framing News, Public Opinion, and US Foreign Policy. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Entman, R. M. (2007). Framing Bias: Media in the Distribution of Power. Journal of Communication. 57 (1), 163–173.
Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and Power. USA, Longman Inc.
Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis. London: Longman.
Furini, M. and Menegoni, G. (2018). Public Health and Social Media: Language Analysis of Vaccine Conversations. Presentation at the 2018 International Workshop on Social Sensing (SocialSens), 50-55.
Germani, F. and Biller-Andorno, N. (2021). The anti-vaccination infodemic on social media: A behavioral analysis. PLoS ONE 16(3): e0247642.
Goffman, E. (1974, 1986). Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Harvard University Press.
Goodwin, H.M. (2007). The Hidden Life of Girls: Games of Stance, Status, and Exclusion. Oxford: Blackwell.
Hunston, S. and Thompson,G. (2000). Evaluation in Text: Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Myers, G. (2010). The discourse of blogs and wikis. London: Continuum.
McCluskey, M. and Hmielowski, J. D. (2012). Opinion expression during social conflict: Comparing online reader comments and letters to the editor. Journalism, 13(3), 303-319.
Mutz, D. C. (2002). The consequences of cross-cutting networks for political participation. American Journal of Political Science, 46(4), 838–855.
Mutz, D. C. (2006). Hearing the other side: Deliberative versus participatory democracy. New York, NY: Cambridge University.
Richardson, J. E. (2007). Analysing Newspapers. An Approach from Critical Discourse Analysis. Palgrave, Macmillan, New York.
Searle, J. R. (1976). A Classification of Illocutionary Acts. Language in Society. 5, 1-23.
Trajkova Strezovska, Z. and Neshkovska, S. (2022). The COVID-19 Vaccination Narrative on Social Media. In A. Mammadov and B. Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk (eds.). Analysing Media Discourse: Traditional and New. 122-147. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Van Dijk, T. A. (1977). Text and context: explorations in the semantics and pragmatics of discourse. London: Longman.
Van Dijk, T. A. (1995). Opinions and Ideologies in the Press. Paper Round Table on Media Discourse, Cardiff, July 8-10. In Allan Bell and Peter Garrett (Eds.). Approaches to Media Discourse. 21-63. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.
Van Dijk, T. A. (1997). What is political discourse analysis? Key-note address Congress Political Linguistics. Antwerp, 7-9 December 1995. In J. Blommaert and C. Bulcaen (Eds.). Political linguistics.11-52. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Van Dijk, T. A. (2001). Critical Discourse Analysis. In D. Tannen, D. Schiffrin and H. Hamilton (Eds.), Handbook of Discourse Analysis. 352-371. Oxford: Blackwell.
Van Dijk, T. A. (2009). Society and Discourse: How Social Contexts Influence Text and Talk. Cambridge University Press, United States of America.
Wawrzuta, D., Jaworski, M., Gotlib, J., Panczyk, M. (2021). Characteristics of Antivaccine Messages on Social Media: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 23(6): e24564.
Weinzierl, M. and Harabagiu, S. (2022a). Identifying the Adoption or Rejection of Misinformation Targeting COVID-19 Vaccines in Twitter Discourse. Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference, 3196–3205.
Weinzierl, M. and Harabagiu, S. (2022b). From Hesitancy Framings to Vaccine Hesitancy Profiles: A Journey of Stance, Ontological Commitments and Moral Foundations. Proceedings of the Sixteenth International AAAI Conference onWeb and Social Media (ICWSM 2022), 1087-1097.
Atifi, H. and Marcoccia, M. (2017). Exploring the role of viewers’ tweets in French TV political programs: Social TV as a new agora?. Discourse, Context and Media 19, 31–38.
Baumeister, R. F., and Vohs, K. D. (2007). Gain–loss framing. In Encyclopedia of social psychology. 1, 371-372. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Conrad, S. and Biber,D. (2000). Adverbial Marking of Stance in Speech and Writing. In S. Hunston and G.Thompson (eds.) Evaluation in Text: Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse, 56–73. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Chong, D. and Druckman, N.J. (2007). Framing Theory. Annual Review of Political Science. 10, 103-126. doi: 10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054
Du Bois, W. J. (2007). The Stance Triangle. In R.Englebretson (ed.). Stancetaking in Discourse. 139–182. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Elsharkawy, A. (2012). Critical Discourse Analysis and Discourse of Power: CDA in Practice. GRIN Verlag.
Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication. 43 (4), 51-58.
Entman, R. M. (2004). Projections of Power: Framing News, Public Opinion, and US Foreign Policy. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Entman, R. M. (2007). Framing Bias: Media in the Distribution of Power. Journal of Communication. 57 (1), 163–173.
Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and Power. USA, Longman Inc.
Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis. London: Longman.
Furini, M. and Menegoni, G. (2018). Public Health and Social Media: Language Analysis of Vaccine Conversations. Presentation at the 2018 International Workshop on Social Sensing (SocialSens), 50-55.
Germani, F. and Biller-Andorno, N. (2021). The anti-vaccination infodemic on social media: A behavioral analysis. PLoS ONE 16(3): e0247642.
Goffman, E. (1974, 1986). Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Harvard University Press.
Goodwin, H.M. (2007). The Hidden Life of Girls: Games of Stance, Status, and Exclusion. Oxford: Blackwell.
Hunston, S. and Thompson,G. (2000). Evaluation in Text: Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Myers, G. (2010). The discourse of blogs and wikis. London: Continuum.
McCluskey, M. and Hmielowski, J. D. (2012). Opinion expression during social conflict: Comparing online reader comments and letters to the editor. Journalism, 13(3), 303-319.
Mutz, D. C. (2002). The consequences of cross-cutting networks for political participation. American Journal of Political Science, 46(4), 838–855.
Mutz, D. C. (2006). Hearing the other side: Deliberative versus participatory democracy. New York, NY: Cambridge University.
Richardson, J. E. (2007). Analysing Newspapers. An Approach from Critical Discourse Analysis. Palgrave, Macmillan, New York.
Searle, J. R. (1976). A Classification of Illocutionary Acts. Language in Society. 5, 1-23.
Trajkova Strezovska, Z. and Neshkovska, S. (2022). The COVID-19 Vaccination Narrative on Social Media. In A. Mammadov and B. Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk (eds.). Analysing Media Discourse: Traditional and New. 122-147. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Van Dijk, T. A. (1977). Text and context: explorations in the semantics and pragmatics of discourse. London: Longman.
Van Dijk, T. A. (1995). Opinions and Ideologies in the Press. Paper Round Table on Media Discourse, Cardiff, July 8-10. In Allan Bell and Peter Garrett (Eds.). Approaches to Media Discourse. 21-63. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.
Van Dijk, T. A. (1997). What is political discourse analysis? Key-note address Congress Political Linguistics. Antwerp, 7-9 December 1995. In J. Blommaert and C. Bulcaen (Eds.). Political linguistics.11-52. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Van Dijk, T. A. (2001). Critical Discourse Analysis. In D. Tannen, D. Schiffrin and H. Hamilton (Eds.), Handbook of Discourse Analysis. 352-371. Oxford: Blackwell.
Van Dijk, T. A. (2009). Society and Discourse: How Social Contexts Influence Text and Talk. Cambridge University Press, United States of America.
Wawrzuta, D., Jaworski, M., Gotlib, J., Panczyk, M. (2021). Characteristics of Antivaccine Messages on Social Media: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 23(6): e24564.
Weinzierl, M. and Harabagiu, S. (2022a). Identifying the Adoption or Rejection of Misinformation Targeting COVID-19 Vaccines in Twitter Discourse. Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference, 3196–3205.
Weinzierl, M. and Harabagiu, S. (2022b). From Hesitancy Framings to Vaccine Hesitancy Profiles: A Journey of Stance, Ontological Commitments and Moral Foundations. Proceedings of the Sixteenth International AAAI Conference onWeb and Social Media (ICWSM 2022), 1087-1097.