Economy, Business and Development: An International Journal

Tax Compliance Strategies and Revenue Generation in Nigeria

2025-05-31T11:11:24+02:00

Tax revenue generation is crucial for economic management and development in both developed and developing countries, as it supports public services, infrastructure, and social programs, thus fostering sustainable development and economic stability. This study aims to investigate the effect of tax compliance strategies on tax revenue generation in Nigeria, assessing the effectiveness of different approaches in closing the tax gap and boosting government revenue. This study used a survey research design to explore relationships between variables without manipulation, providing valuable insights into their connections. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 3,784 tax officials at the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) in the southwest states of Nigeria, considered knowledgeable about the subject as of December 31, 2023. The questionnaire employed a five-point Likert scale (Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree) to gather responses. The reliability and validity of the instrument were assessed using both statistical methods, like Cronbach's Alpha, and non-statistical methods. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics (mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis) and inferential statistics (correlation and regression analysis) to summarize and interpret the data. The empirical analysis reveals that both voluntary tax compliance and tax enforcement strategies significantly contribute to increasing tax revenue generation in Nigeria. This study concludes that a combined approach of encouraging voluntary tax compliance and implementing strong enforcement strategies is effective in increasing tax revenue generation in Nigeria. Based on the outcomes of this study, this study recommends that government should invest in comprehensive taxpayer education programs that clearly explain tax laws, the importance of compliance, and the benefits of paying taxes.

Enhancing Job Design with Artificial Intelligence: What We Know and What Lies Ahead

2025-06-02T09:09:29+02:00

As businesses undergo digital transformation, artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping job design by automating tasks and redefining human roles. This shift presents a critical challenge for human resource professionals and managers: how to integrate AI into work while maintaining productivity, fairness, and employee well-being. To clarify the evolving landscape, this study synthesizes the state-of-the-art literature on AI-driven job design through a multi-technique bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Analyzing 67 Scopus-indexed publications, we use descriptive bibliometrics, co-authorship mapping, bibliographic coupling, and co-occurrence analysis to trace past research directions and outline a future research agenda. Our findings reveal key themes, including AI’s impact on job characteristics, data-driven human resource management (HRM) practices, group-level AI integration, emerging job skills, human-AI trust, labor relations, and algorithmic HRM. As one of the first bibliometric studies in this field, this research provides a foundational framework for understanding AI’s role in job design and identifies seven distinct pathways for future investigation.

The Role of Institutions in the Economic Growth of OECD Countries

2025-06-02T09:12:25+02:00

This paper analyses the role of institutional quality in determining the economic growth in the OECD countries from 1995 to 2021 concerning the institutional economics framework developed by North (1990) and further advanced by Rodrik (2000) and Acemoglu et al. (2005). Institutions are viewed as the formal and informal structures that regulate economic, political and social activities and are considered the key to influencing economic performance through the minimisation of transaction costs, encouragement of innovation and human capital development. The theoretical framework assumes that inclusive institutions foster sustained economic growth while extractive institutions stifle development by consolidating power and assets. This paper hypothesises that institutional quality positively influences economic growth in OECD countries. Using panel regression models and Employing the Fraser Institute’s Economic Freedom Index and the Heritage Foundation’s Index of Economic Freedom as measures of institutional quality, it examines how government size, property rights, regulation, and trade freedom affect growth. The findings reveal that institutional quality has a positive but varying impact on economic growth. In particular, small government, low taxes, and good monetary policy are positively related to higher growth rates. However, factors such as property rights and trade freedom have either weak or negative coefficients of correlation with growth. The results suggest that fiscal prudency and sound money supply policies are conducive to growth, but other institutional factors are not as straightforward in their influence on growth. This study is useful for policymakers who wish to improve economic growth through institutional change.

Human Capital Components and Economic Development: The Relationship between Education and Health Expenditures and GDP in Selected Countries of Southeast Europe

2025-06-02T09:10:37+02:00

The modern theory of economic growth and development posits that human capital is one of the main factor for economic growth as it enhances the productivity of two other classical growth factors: physical capital and labour. Also, investments in human capital accumulation are considered as important precondition for achieving higher levels of economic development. In this context, one line of emprical research is to assess the importance of the two components of human capital – education and health – in the process of economic development. In this paper, we investigate the impact of education and health on the level of economic development (measured as GDP per capita) in a sample of five Southeast European countries (Albania, Croatia, North Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia, over the period 2000-2021.The empirical analysis relies on a cross-sectional regression using two panels (one for education - based human capital, and the other for health-based capital. Other variables in the models include lagged GDP per capita, gross fixed capital formation per capita and corruption perception index as a proxy for insitutional quality. The results from the two panel regressions indicate that spending on education and health has significant positive effects on GDP per capita. Such reserach results lend support to the policy prescription that public investments in education and health aimed at upgrading the quality of human capital may significantly contribute to the process of economic development.